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What are the monomers of nucleic acid
they are called nucleotides
What are the polymers of nucleotides
they are called Polynucleotides
What are the major types of nucleic acids
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Main functions of major nucleic acids
DNA stores genetic info
RNA transport genetic info
ATP - source of energy
Nucleotides (components)
consists of a
Pentose sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base
Pentose sugar (structure)
a sugar with 5 carbon
shaped like a ring with oxygen at top of pentagon, a carbon each connecting the rest
Nitrogenous base will be connected to Carbon 1
Phosphate group will be connected to Carbon 5
2 families of Nitrogenous Bases
Pyrimidines
Purines
Pyramidines (Nitrogenous base)
a 6-pointed ring either…
cytosine
Uracil (used in RNA)
Thymine (used in DNA)
smaller molecules
Purines (Nitrogenous base)
a 6-pointed ring either Adenine or Guanine attacthed to a 5 pointed ring
larger molecules
Why DNA has deoxyribose
and RNA has ribose
While both their C1 and C5s connected to same bases
the RNAs C2 and C3 are each attached to OH (hydroxyl)
the DNA’s C2 are attached to a H and C3 is attached to an OH thus Diff
Polynucleotide
chain of nucleotides (pentose sugar + nitrogenous base + phosphate group)
ex. dna is a double stranded polynucleotide
rna is a single stranded polynucleotide
Phosphodiester bond
bond that links nucleotides into polynucleotides.
It forms when the phosphate group of one nucleotide connects to the hydroxyl group (OH) on the 3' carbon of the pentose sugar of another nucleotide. This reaction releases a molecule of water (H₂O) and creates a bond between the remaining oxygen of the phosphate group and the 3' carbon of the sugar. This process results in the formation of the sugar-phosphate backbone of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA.
Describe the backbone of a nucleotide
backbone is made out of polynucleotides (sugar and phosphate units inside and nitrogenous bases sticking out
there will be a Carbon 5 connection at start and C3 connection at the end of backbone
