2- Health Care Systems

Why is global health important?

• Humanitarian efforts to make the world a happier and healthier place.

• Reduce the risk of diseases spreading around the world.

• Have a better understanding of patients who are international.

• Support education of health professionals worldwide.

*Global health only refers to issues occurring outside of your own community. T/F?

False

What does the World Health Organization (WHO) do?

Directs and coordinates international health within the United Nations system

- Produces health guidelines & standards

- Helps countries address public health issues

- Supports and promotes health research

- Represents 194 countries

types of polio

1) Infection not including CNS, minor illness with mild symptoms

2) Infection mostly including CNS (spinal cord) which can cause paralysis (affects anterior horn cells)

– Spread through feces or saliva of individuals infected

- no cure

Post-Polio Syndrome Symptoms

-new weakness (arms, legs, trunk)

-difficulty swallowing, talking, or breathing

-muscle pain

-fatigue

-cold intolerance

Polio Vaccine

• Oral - easier to deliver, weakened version of polio, can cause polio

• IPV (inactivated polio vaccine) - injection, only polio vaccine in US since 2000

Polio has been eradicated in the US since 1979. T/F?

True

Afghanistan and Pakistan lack the resources for vaccines or Polio. T/F?

True

The increase in measles in countries like Pakistan, Yemen and Thailand are due to:

Vaccines have not been delivered to these countries

Which disease has been eradicated worldwide?

A. Polio

B. Malaria

C. Measles

D. Smallpox

D. Smallpox

WHO emphasizes:

People-Centered Care: getting the right care, at the right time in the right place

- Global health came from colonialism and white supremacy

- It is not diverse or global

Why? And what can be done?

• dominated by individuals and institutions from high-income countries including leadership, publications, research grants, boards, and conference participation

• Focus is on generosity and saviorism

• Ask the impacted communities what they need

• Decolonization of global health

*Universal health coverage means that

all people have access to the health services they need, when and where they need them, without financial hardship. It includes the full range of essential health services, from

health promotion to prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care

Life expectancy

mortality across the entire life course

Child mortality

mortality of children up to 5 years

Maternal mortality

death during pregnancy or within 42 days of pregnancy termination

Burden of disease

measured with Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)

- DALYs for a disease or health condition are the sum of the years of life lost to due to premature mortality (YLLs) and the years lived with a disability (YLDs) due to prevalent cases of the disease or health condition in a population.

(Take years loss and add the number of years the individual lived with the disability, higher number = more burden)

"The key difference is that foreign health insurance plans exist only to pay people's medical bills, not to make a profit. The United States is the only developed country that let's insurance companies profit from basic health coverage." (Reid). T/F?

True

Which country does not have universal health

care?

A. Canada

B. Britain

C. United States

D. Japan

C. United States

Health Care in Low- and Middle- Income

Countries (LMIC)

• Strive for universal health care

• Large portion of health care funded by external sources & foreign aid

• Fall short due to:

- Lack of sufficient resources due to poverty

- Inappropriate use of existing funds

- Corruption (also seen in wealthy countries)

More pre-payment & less out-of-pocket payment → less frequent catastrophic expenditure.

More out-of-pocket payment → more frequent catastrophic expenditure at point of service.

T/F?

True

health systems are an investment in people. T/F?

True

What is the best ways to approach global health only

What is universal health coverage?

ACA is not..... finish take away slide