Alkanes and Alkenes

Hydrocarbons

compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen only.

crude oil (petroleum)

complex mixture of hydrocarbons, in which molecules have carbon atoms in chains.

Fractional distillation

when substances in crude oil are separated into hydrocarbons through evaporation.

Fractions

Substances that can be tapped off.

Alkanes

Saturated hydrocarbons, with carbon single bonds.

Displayed formula

The formula of the structure of a substance.

MONKEYS EAT PEANUT BUTTER

A part of a homologous series of alkanes, represented by the same general formula, consisting of methane, ethane, propane, butane and pentane etc, etc

Complete combustion

alkane + hydrogen → carbon dioxide + water
Occurs when oxygen is abundant and results in gas burning with a clean blue fame.

Incomplete combustion

alkane + oxygen → carbon monoxide + carbon dioxide + water
Occurs when oxygen is limited.

Alkenes

Unsaturated hydrocarbons, with chains of carbons atoms, bonded to each other with carbon double bonds, surrounded by hydrogen atoms.

Addition reaction

Where 2 or more molecules combine to create a larger product ex. when halogens react with alkenes and the double bond is broken.

Saturated

a hydrocarbon with carbon-carbon single bonds is....

Unsaturated

a hydrocarbon with C=C double bonds is....

Carbon monoxide

It can bind to one's haemoglobin and limit the blood's ability to carry oxygen, turning blood pink.

Soot

produced by incomplete combustion, causes global dimming, solid carbon particles.

Sulfur dioxide

Most fuels contain a small amount of sulfur, which combust in air to form.....

Acid rain

caused by sulfur dioxide dissolving in water.

Methane

CH4

Nitrogen monoxide

created when the two elements: nitrogen and oxygen combine in air and is released when fuels are burned in engines. It is a pollutant.

Nitrogen dioxide

created the nitrogen monoxide combines with oxygen in air to form...... It is a pollutant.

Ethane

C2H6

Propane

C3H8

Butane

C4H10

Ethene

C2H4

Propene

C3H6

Butene

C4H8

Cracking

Breaking up large hydrocarbons into smaller ones using heat.

Viscous

The longer the hydrocarbon the more......

CnH2n

The general formula for alkenes is...

Cn2n+2

The general formula for alkanes is...

goes colourless

When shook with bromine water alkenes (unsaturated).....the bromine water

stays orange

When shook with bromine water the alkanes (saturated) ..... the bromine water

Ethanol

Addition reaction of ethene and water produces _____

Alkane

Addition reaction of alkene and hydrogen produces ____

Viscosity

resistance to flow (thickness of liquid)

Polymer

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.

addition polymerisation

a type of polymerisation in which the monomers simply add together to form the polymer, with no other products

Why do we need cracking?

Because the long hydrocarbon molecules are not so useful

Homologous series

having the same chemical reactions and properties.

neighbouring compounds differ by 1 carbon and 2 hydrogen.

Thermal decomposition

Breaking up using heat

Monomer

small molecule that bonds with other small molecules to form a larger molecule (polymer)

Repeating unit

the part of the polymer which gets repeated to make a complete polymer chain

Empirical formula

simplest ratio of atom in a compound