genetics midterm2

codon

three nucleotides bases make one aa

colinearity

sequence of aa corresponds to sequence of nucleotide pairs in gene

reading frame

grouping nucleotide bases into pairs of three

frameshift mutation

adding or deleting of base pairs

degeneracy of code

aa are encoded for more then one codon

nonsense codon (stop)

UAA, UGA or UAG

initiation codon

AUG

template strand

base sequence is complementary to primary script

transcription

DNA —> RNA

translation

mRNA —> protein

alternative splicing

diff mRNAs from same primary transcript

charged tRNA

transfer RNA molecule that has amino acid attached

reverse transcription

copying RNA to DNA

epistasis

allele of one gene masks the effects of alleles of another

RNA - like strand

strand of DNA that has the same base sequence as primary transcript

intron

sequence of base pairs within a gene that is not represented by any bases in mature mRNA

RNA splicing

removing base sequence corresponding to introns from primary transcript