bio 107

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to metabolic pathways, insulin and glucagon's roles in glucose metabolism, and the processes of energy production.

Beta Oxidation

The process of breaking down fatty acids to generate acetyl CoA, NADH, and FADH2.

Acetyl CoA

A key metabolic intermediate produced from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Glycogenesis

The process of converting glucose into glycogen for storage.

Glycogenolysis

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose for energy.

Gluconeogenesis

The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.

Insulin

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that facilitates glucose uptake into cells and promotes glycogenesis.

Glucagon

A hormone produced by the pancreas that promotes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose.

Corri Cycle

The process by which lactate produced in muscles is converted back to glucose in the liver.

Phosphocreatine

A molecule stored in muscle cells that can quickly provide ATP for immediate energy needs.

Glycerol

A three-carbon molecule that is a key component of lipids and can be converted to G3P.

NADH and FADH2

Electron carriers produced during beta oxidation that transport electrons to the electron transport chain.

GLUT4

A glucose transporter that is activated by insulin to facilitate glucose uptake in cells.

Aerobic Respiration

The process of producing cellular energy (ATP) through the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in the presence of oxygen.

Fermentation

An anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue by converting pyruvate to lactate or ethanol.