Strong and weak acids

What is meant by a strong acid?

Strong acids fully dissociate into ions when they dissolve in water. There are no molecules of the original acid left, and the change is not reversible

Give some examples of strong acids:

Hydrochloric, nitric and sulfuric acids

What is meant by a weak acid?

Weak acids do not fully dissociate into ions when they dissolve in water. Only some of the original acid molecules dissociate into ions, and the change is reversible

Give some examples of weak acids:

Ethanoic, citric and carbonic acids

What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?

HCl

What is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?

H2SO4

What is the chemical formula for nitric acid?

HNO3

What is the chemical formula for citric acid?

C6H8O7

What is the formula for carbonic acid?

H2CO3

What happens to pH if the H⁺ concentration increases by a factor of 10?

The pH decreases by 1

What happens to pH if the H⁺ concentration decreases by a factor of 10?

The pH increases by 1

Define what is meant by a concentrated solution?

Concentrated solutions have a large number of solute particles dissolved per dm cubed of the solution

Define what is meant by a dilute solution:

Dilute solutions have a low number of solute particles dissolved per dm cubed of the solution

How does a high concentration of H+ ions affect pH?

A high conc. of H+ ions means a low pH

What does a lower concentration of H+ ions mean?

A lower concentration of H+ ions means a higher (more neutral) pH

Explain how diluting an acidic solution changes the pH in terms of H+ ions

Diluting an acidic solution reduces/lowers the concentration of the H+ ions