Chromosomes & Karyotypes Diagram | Quizlet

Karyotype

A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs

Male karyotypes have ______________

Has a y chromosome and an x chromosome

TERM

Female karyotypes have ______________

DEFINITION

Has two x chromosomes

Down Syndrome

a condition of intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.

TERM

Autosome

DEFINITION

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome (pairs 1-22)

TERM

Sex Chromosome

DEFINITION

X and Y chromosomes. (pair 23)

Chromosomal Disorder

When there are two many or two few chromosomes

TERM

Trisomy

DEFINITION

3 copies of a chromosome

Chromosome

condensed DNA in the shape of an X

Chromatid

one half of a chromosome; there are usually two identical "sisters"

Diploid

a complete set of chromosomes from the mother and father

Haploid

half the chromosome number; in humans this is 23

Duplication mutation

a mutation that involves duplication of a region of DNA on the same strand

Deletion mutation

a mutation that involves deletion/missing part of a region of DNA on the same strand

Inversion mutation

A mutation involving a piece of a chromosome that breaks off and reattaches in reverse orientation.

Translocation mutation

A mutation in which one part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another non-homologous chromosome

Homologous pairs

a pair of chromosomes, 1 materanal and 1 paternal

Meiosis is similar to mitosis except it is the production of

Sex cells (4 of them) and they are Haploid

Daughter Cells

The cells that are produced as a result of mitosis. These cells are identical to each other, and also to the original parent cell.

Amniocentesis

the sampling of amniotic fluid using a hollow needle inserted into the uterus, to screen for developmental abnormalities in a fetus make a karyotype

Genotype

An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.

Phenotype

An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.

Gamete

sex cell

Identical Twins

two infants resulting from division of one fertilized egg into two distinct embryos

Fraternal Twins

twins who come from two different eggs fertilized by two different sperm