AP Bio - Ch.9: The Cell Cycle - Mitotic (M) Phase

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Mitosis and cytokinesis. Recall that the later phases, especially past the M-checkpoint (point before anaphase) overlaps Cytokinesis.

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G2 phase

not included in mitotic phase, but precedes and prepares for it

  • Centrosomes (organizes microtubules/spindle) form

  • Nuclei is still present (duplicated DNA are inside)

<p><u>not included in mitotic phase</u>, but precedes and prepares for it </p><ul><li><p><mark data-color="yellow">Centrosomes</mark> (organizes microtubules/spindle) <mark data-color="yellow">form</mark></p></li><li><p>Nuclei is still present (duplicated DNA are inside)</p></li></ul>
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Prophase

  • Chromosomes form

  • Nucleus disappears

  • Spindles form from centrosomes and centrosomes move opposite from each other

<ul><li><p><em><mark data-color="yellow">Chromosomes</mark></em><mark data-color="yellow"> form</mark></p></li><li><p><mark data-color="yellow">Nucleus disappears</mark></p></li><li><p><em>Spindles</em> form from centrosomes and centrosomes move opposite from each other</p></li></ul>
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Metaphase

  • Longest phase

  • Chromosome align on equator (metaphase plate)

  • Kinetochore protein anchor forms → attaches chromatids to spindle fiber

<ul><li><p>Longest phase</p></li><li><p><mark data-color="yellow">Chromosome align on equator</mark> (<em>metaphase plate</em>)</p></li><li><p>Kinetochore protein anchor forms → attaches chromatids to spindle fiber</p></li></ul>
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Anaphase

  • Shortest phase

  • Sister chromatids move apart

  • Cell elongates

<ul><li><p>Shortest phase</p></li><li><p><mark data-color="yellow">Sister chromatids move apart</mark></p></li><li><p>Cell elongates</p></li></ul>
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Telophase

  • Nuclei reappear → Two nuclei formed

  • Chromosomes turn back into chromatin

  • occurs synonymously with cytokinesis

<ul><li><p>Nuclei reappear → <mark data-color="yellow">Two nuclei formed</mark></p></li><li><p>Chromosomes turn back into chromatin</p></li><li><p>occurs synonymously with <em>cytokinesis</em></p></li></ul>
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Cytokinesis

  • (in animal cells) form a cleavage

  • Cytoplasm divides

  • Two cells are formed