A&P CH2 PG15-16

In PG 14 We reviewed Buffer systems and began to explore carbohydrates.

What is the major function of carbohydrates?

Energy source

Name an example of:

1. Simple sugar

2. Double sugar

3. Many sugars

1. Monosaccharides- glucose

2. Disaccharides- maltose

3. Polysaccharides- glycogen

What are Lipids?

1. Nonpolar organic molecules

2. Do NOT dissolve in water

3. Energy rich compounds

Lipids are f _ _ s

Fats

What are 4 types of Lipids?

1. Triglycerides

2. Phospholipids

3. Steroid

4. Eicosanoids

Name three functions of Fats:

1. Long-term energy storage

2. Insulation & temperature regulation

3. Protection (cushioning organs)

What elements do Fats typically contain?

C H O

-Much more H than O (unlike carbs)

What is a Triglycerides(main type of fat)

• 1 glycerol (3-carbon backbone)

• 3 Fatty Acids ( Long C-H chains)

Visualize Triglyceride like this:

Glycerol + Fatty Acid + Fatty Acid + Fatty Acid = Triglyceride

What's the structure of Fatty Acid?

1. Long, rod-like molecules

2. Have two ends: polar end, nonpolar end

FA polar end is:

• Hydrophilic

• Carboxyl group (–COOH)

• Dissolves in water

FA Nonpolar end is:

• Hydrophobic

• Long carbon—hydrogen chain

• Dissolves in fat

Fatty acids are ___________.

(Both polar and nonpolar)

Amphipathic

What are the common length of Fatty Acid Chains?

• 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24

Why are Triglycerides nonpolar?

• Glycerol hides polar ends

• Fatty Acid tails dominate

• Entire molecule = nonpolar

Why do triglycerides store so much energy?

1. Many C-H bonds

2. High energy content

3. Efficient storage

Name 1 of Triglycerides Major function in cells

1. Long term energy storage

2. Insulation

3. Protection

What are saturated fats?

• No Double Bonds

• Straight chains

• Packed tightly

• Solid room Temp

What are examples of saturated fats?

• Butter

• Lard

• Animal fat

• Coconut oil

What are unsaturated fats?

• One or more Double Bonds

• Bent chains

• Pack loosely

• Liquid room temp

What are examples of unsaturated fats?

• Olive oil

• Canola oil

• Fish oil

• Avocado oil

Why are unsaturated fats liquid?

The unsaturated bonds create bends in fatty Acid Chain making it difficult for triglyceride molecules to pack tightly

Double Bonds → bends → less packng → liquid

Since fats don't dissolve in water, how do triglycerides get transported through blood?

They travel in lipoprotein taxis!!

What are examples of lipoproteins?

• LDL

• HDL

• VLDL

Protein wrap days so that they can travel

What is a phospholipid?

• 1 phosphate group (head)

• 1 glycerol

• 2 fatty acids

Hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Head

Hydrophilic

Hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Tails

Hydrophobic

What is amphipathic?

1. describes molecules with both hydrophilic (water-loving, polar) and hydrophobic (water-fearing, nonpolar)

2. allowing them to interact with both water and fats

Phospholipids form bilayers. What is a bilayer?

a double layer of closely packed molecules

1. Monosaccharide

2. Disaccharide

3. Polysaccharide

1. One sugar

2. Two sugars

3. Many sugars

Hydrolysis or Dehydration

Build carbs

Dehydration

Hydrolysis or Dehydration

Breaks carbs

Hydrolysis

Polar or Nonpolar?

Fats

Nonpolar

Triglyceride

1 Glycerol + 3 FA

Function of Lipid?

Energy storage