Biology Test - Passive Transport

Organelles, Microscopes, Cells, Passive Transport, Active Transport

Cell Membrane

Found in Plant, Animal and Bacteria Cells. It provides protection for the cell

Cytoplasm

Found in Plant and Animal Cells. Gel type fluid that surrounds and supports the nucleus

Cell Wall

Found in Plant and Bacteria Cells. Responsible for strengthening the cell and protecting it

Nucleus

Found in Plant and Animal Cells. Contains DNA and controls all functions

Nucleolus

Found in Plant and Animal Cells. Produces ribosomes

Ribosomes

Found in Plant and Animal Cells. Creates proteins

Mitochondria

Found in Plant and Animal Cells. Known as the powerhouse of the cell which produces energy

Rough ER

Found in Plant and Animal Cells. Controls proteins, located. in the cytoplasm

Smooth ER

Found in Plant and Animal Cells. Synthesis of lipids, acts as a storage organelle

Golgi Apparatus

Found in Plant and Animal Cells. Sorts, holds and transports proteins

Lysosomes

Found in Plant and Animal Cells. Have digestive enzymes that break down old and unused parts of the cell

Centrioles

Found in Animal Cells. Play a key role in cell division

Chloroplasts

Found in Plant Cells. Helps to capture light

Function of the Diaphragm

Filter Light

Function of the Ocular

Look at specimens

Function of the Nosepiece

Switch objectives

Functions of the Objectives

Different powers to help see

Function of the Coarse

Focus on specimen only under low and medium power

Function of the Fine

Focus on specimens under all powers

Function of the Base

Provides structure

Function of the Arm

Used to grip hand

Function of the Body Tube

Allows light to pass through

Passive Transport

Does not require energy from the cell

Concentration Gradient

Difference in the concentration of molecules is equal throughout a space

Equilibrium

Concentration of molecules is equal throughout a space

Diffusion

Movement of a substance down the substance’s concentration gradient

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a membrane

Hypertonic Solution

Causes a cell to shrink because of Osmosis

Hypotonic Solution

Causes a cell to swell because of Osmosis

Isotonic Solution

Concentration of both solutions is equal

Carrier Protein

Protein used to transport specific substances across a membrane

Facilitated Diffusion

Passive transport using carrier proteins

Active Transport

Movement of a substance against the substance’s concentration gradient

Sodium-Potassium Pump

An example of a cell membrane “pump”

Endocytosis

Movement of a substance by a vesicle to inside the cell

Exocytosis

Movement of a substance by a vesicle to the outside of a cell

Vesicle

Organelle that fuses with lysosomes in order that contents can be digested

Contractile Vacuole

Organelle that pumps water out of the cell

Passive Transport Includes…

Diffusion, Ion Channels and Osmosis

Active Transport Includes…

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Cell Theory

All living things are made up of cells, Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, All cells come from pre-exsisting living cells

Prokaryotes

Bacteria, very simple, no membrane-bound organelles, unicellular, cell wall

Eukaryotes

Plant and Animal Cells, complex, membrane-bound organelles

Bacteria

Microscopic living organisms

“Bad” Bacteria

Tetanus, Pneumonia, Syphilis, Tuberculosis

How can you prevent risk of infection from bacteria?

Antibiotics, Antiseptics, Disenfectants and Sterilization

Antibiotics

Against-life, seek to kill bacteria, DO NOT kill viruses

“Good” Bacteria

Probiotics, offer some type of health benefit

Antibiotic Resistance

Some bacterial species are able to survive after prolonged exposure to one or more types of antibiotics

Bacterial Structure

Coccus, Bacillus, Spirullus

Archaebacteria

Ancient, extreme environments

Eubacteria

New, current form of bacteria, constantly evolving, live everywhere\\

Passively Moves

High Concentration to Low Concentration

Diffusion

Small and nonpolar can diffuse directly through the cell membrane

Solute

Being dissolved

Solvent

Dissolver

Solute+Solvent =

100%

Solutions

Inside and Outside the cell

How does Osmosis move?

Water moving through a semi-permeable membrane through aquaporins

Ion Channels allow for…

Large and polar molecules to diffuse, also a form of facilitated diffusion

Types of Passive Transport

Diffusion: Nonpolar and Low

Osmosis: Water

Ion Channels: Polar and Charged Particles

Energy in cells…

ATP (Adenasine Triphosphate)

Movement of Active Transport is…

Against the concentration gradient, substances move from low to high

Charged Energy

ATP = Charged

ADP = Uncharged

Channel Pumps

Proteins in the cell membrane push molecules against their concentration gradient to maintain unequal levels using ATP

Active Transport Integral Proteins

Uniport: Moves molecules in one direction

Antiport: Moves molecules in opposite directions

Symport: Moves two different ions in the same direction

Methods of Active Transport

Channel Pumps, Vesicles(endocytosis, exocytosis)