Mid term study guide (psychology)

Narcotics

Drugs that relieve pain and induce sleep are called

Lucid Dreaming

Being aware that you are dreaming

Sleep apnea

a disorder caused by blockage of the airway during sleep, resulting in daytime fatigue

Sensation

detection of physical energy by sense organs, which then send information to the brain

Sublimal Perception

Perception below the threshold of conscious awareness

Psyke

the greek word for soul

Physical dependence

dependence on a drug that occurs when people continue to take it to avoid withdrawal symptoms

Grandfather of cognitive psychology

Wilhelm Wundt

External validity

extent to which we can generalize findings to real-world settings

Sleep paralysis occurs during what?

Correlation

may use words like associated, related, linked, or went together

Lsd and shrooms are what type of drug

hallucinogens

Perception

How our brain interprets raw input

Transduction

process of converting an external energy or substance into electrical activity within neurons

Activity between neurons is on what level?

are brain cells that specialize in communication

Multiply determind

caused by many factors

Master Gland

the pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain

What produces testosterone?

testes

Multiple Sclerosis- autoimmune disease

myelin sheaths are “eaten way”

Plasticity

ability of the nervous system to change

Confirm bias

tendency to seek out evidence that supports our hypotheses and deny, dismiss, or distort evidence that contradicts them

Psychology

scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior

Hypothesis

testable prediction derived from a scientific theory

Belief Perserverance

refers to the tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them

Pseudoscience

set of claims that seem scientific but isn’t; false claim

Behaviorism

school of psychology that focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behavior

Critical thinking

set of skills for evaluating all claims in open minded and careful fashion

Placebo effect

improvement resulting from the mere expectation of improvement

Double blind

neither researchers nor participants are aware of someone’s identity

How many pairs of chromosomes

23

Illusory correlation

perception of a statistical association between two variables where none exists

Baby albert- researcher

John Watson

Another name for nerve cell

Axon

portion of neuron that sends signals

Reuptake

means of recycling neurotransmitters

Transmission with in brain cells flows from?

the axon of the sending neuron to the dendrites of the receiving neuron

What contains the bran and spinal cord?

Central Nervous System

Phineas Gage

prefrontal cortex is responsible for thinking, planning, language, mood, personality, and self-awareness (frontal lobe)

What autonomic nervous control rest and digest?

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Phenotype

our observable traits

Absolute threshold

lowest level of a stimulus needed for the nervous system to to detect a change 50% of the time

When you smell the color blue--- condition called?

synesthesia

Neurotransmitters--- examples

chemical messenger specialized for communication from neuron to neuron

Extra sensory perception

perception of events outside the known channels of sensation

Circadian rhythm

24 hour biological process of when we need sleep

Dream continuity hypothesis

hypothesis that there is continuity between sleeping and walking experiences and that dreams can mirror life circumstances

How many senses do women have

5 senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing)

Gestalt principles

integrate different and sometimes opposing aspects of personality into a unified sense of self

Hippa deals with??

the health insurance portability and accountability act

Synapse

space between two connecting neurons through which messages are transmitted chemically

Mean

average

Mode

most frequent number used

Median

middle