CH. 23 Children and Adolescents

What is a key strategy for helping children with mental health disorders?

Modeling good behaviors and providing a good role model.

What are common characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Developmental delay

impaired social interactions

increased sensitivity to stimuli.

hyperfixations

What is 'stimming' in the context of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Repetitive movements or gestures that help relieve stress or sensory overload.

Could become dangerous if it involves hitting themselves

What are some nursing diagnoses for Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Impaired social interaction\

activity intolerance

impaired verbal communication

risk for injury: related to stimming or overstimulation from stimuli

ineffective coping

anxiety.

interventions children with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Use concise communication

prepare them for routine changes

limit self-stimulating behaviors

Ex: for a hitting sti, have them hit something else but not them

decrease stimuli

provide alternative play activities.

What characterizes Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity

impaired social and academic functioning

difficulty performing appropriate tasks.

(use lots oF REDIRECTION)

nursing diagnoses for ADHD?

Risk for injury

impaired social interactions

low self-esteem

non-compliance.

interventions for children with ADHD?

Encourage appropriate behavior (AKA be a good role model)

decrease stimuli

keep them active

provide social skills training

- set clear limits.

What types of medications are commonly used to treat ADHD?

CNS stimulants like amphetamines (e.g., Adderall) and methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin)

non-stimulants

- like atomoxetine (Strattera), bupropion (wellbutrin), clonidine (catapres)

What are some side effects of ADHD medications?

Insomnia, dysrhythmias, anorexia, weight loss, growth suppression, and

! potential dependence!

- don't take it all the time and only use it when needed to focus

What is Tourette's Disorder characterized by?

Sudden, involuntary, and repetitive movements or vocalizations

Criteria:

including multiple motor tics

at least one vocal tic for more than a year.

What are some nursing diagnoses for Tourette's Disorder?

Low self-esteem (B/C they can't control it)

impaired social interaction

risk for self-directed or other-directed violence.

What non pharmacological interventions are recommended for Tourette's Disorder?

Therapies like CBT and DBT, speech therapy, and .

What psychopharm for tourrettes?

medications such as risperidone (risperdal) or aripiprazole (abilify)

- for irritibability and self injury

SSRI for modd and anxiety

muscle relaxants for facial spasms

What are common traits of children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?

Defiance, anger, irritability, and a tendency to fight authorities.

Basically a bratty kid

typically not violent/deadly to others

What are the characteristics of Conduct Disorder?

Aggressive behavior, disregard for societal norms, and lack of empathy.

Ppl actually get hurt and they have no remorse

What nursing diagnoses are associated with ODD and Conduct Disorder?

Risk for other-directed violence

impaired social interaction

defensive coping

low self-esteem

non-compliance with therapy.

What interventions are effective for ODD and Conduct Disorder?

Limit setting

using a calm and assertive approach

providing short clear expectations

reducing stimuli.

MEDS NOT TYPICALLY HELPFUL