2.1 Education and Values

A Level Ancient History -- Sparta

Children were raised to be unafraid and not fussy

Plutarch Lycurgus 16-18

Men’s relationships with their wives — marry at peak fitness and select younger men for impregnation

Xenophon CoS 1-4

Strapping babies

Xenophon CoS 1-4; 9

Women’s exercise — wrestling, squat jumps, running, discus and javelin

Xenophon CoS 1-4, Plutarch Lycurgus 14, Aristophanes Lysistrita, Bronze figurine of a woman

Lyric poetry as promotion of bravery and condemnation of cowards

Plutarch Lycurgus 21-22, Tyrtaeus

Music as an organisation in wartime

Plutarch Lycurgus 21-22

Women’s dance

Plutarch Lycurgus 14, Aristophanes Lysistrita, Alcman, Bronze figurine of a woman

Exclusion of cowards

Xenophon CoS 9, Plutarch Lycurgus 21-22, Tyrtaeus

Exclusion of unmarried

Plutarch Lycurgus 15

Restraint in alcohol in the ssysitia

Sayings of the Spartans — Gorgo, Kritias Governance of the Spartans

Relationships — intermittent abstinence

Xenophon CoS 1-4

Endurance — evil DofE

Plato Laws

Endurance — lack of luxuries like food and bedding

Plutarch Lycurgus 16-18, Xenophon CoS 9, Plato Laws

Endurance of violence — learn through violence, fight to death

Pausanias Description of Greece, Herodotus Histories book 7

Women’s role in religious practices — singing and dancing in festivals

Alcman, Plutarch Lycurgus 14

Corporal punishment by paidonomos and any citizens

Xenophon CoS 9

Evil cheerleaders

Plutarch Lycurgus 14

Competitiveness — team games and given rivalries

Pausanias Description of Greece, Xenophon CoS 9

Women’s exercise as competitive

Alcman, Xenophon CoS 1-4