CPH Finals Lesson 4

Neglected Tropical Diseases

NTDs

NTDs (1)

diverse group of communicable diseases prevailing in tropical and subtropical areas

NTDs (2)

mainly affect populations living in poverty without adequate sanitation

Sustainable Development Goals

"Ending the epidemics of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)" included in the ____

Buruli ulcer
Chagas ulcer
dengue and chikungunya
Dracunculiasis
Echinococcosis
Foodborned trematodiasis
Human African trypanosomiasis
Leishmaniasis
Leprosy
Lymphatic filariasis
Mycetoma
Chromoblastomycosis
Onchocerciasis
Rabies
Scabies and other ectoparasites
Schistosomiasis
Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH)
Snakebite
Taeniasis/Cysticercosis
Trachoma
Yaws

NTDs: Infectious Diseases of Poverty Targeted by UN SDGs 2016-2030

Foodborne trematodiasis

FBTs

Human African trypanosomiasis

sleeping sickness

Lymphatic filariasis

LF

-mycosis

means fungal disease or diseases caused by fungi

11/20

how many NTDs are endemic in the Philippines

6/11

out of the endemic NTDs in the Philippines how many are parasitic infections

People, Parasite, Poverty

3Ps

Soil-transmitted Helminthiasis (STH)

most common NTD according to WHO in 2016

hookworm, ascaris, trichuris

STH is caused by ___

Giant Roundworm

Ascaris lumbricoides

819 million

Ascaris lumbricoides affects ___ people worldwide

Ascaris lumbricoides

can cause Vitamin A malabsorption, abdominal discomfort, intestinal blockage and may migrate in different organs of the body

Whipworm

Trichuris trichiura

465 million

Trichuris trichiura affects ___ people worldwide

Trichuris trichiura

causes inflammatory bowel disease, rectal prolapse, etc.

Necator americanus & Ancylostoma duodenale

two species of hookworm

hookworms

cause iron deficiency anemia and hypoproteinemia

visualization of worm eggs in stool

diagnosis of worm infections

microscopy

visualization of worm eggs in stool through ______

240 million

Schistosomiasis affects ___ people worldwide

Schistosomiasis

affects growth and nutrition of children and physical work capacity of adults

Schistosoma japonicum

common species of SCH in the Philippines

cercariae

Schistosoma japonicum is transmitted through skin penetration of ____ released from freshwater snail

humans and snails

main host of SCH

dogs, cats, rodents, pigs, horses, and carabaos

reservoir hosts of SCH

200,000

SCH causes ____ deaths per year

portal hypertension
hepatosplenomegaly
esophageal varices
cerebral SCH

symptoms of chronic SCH

12; 28

SCH is endemic in _ regions, covering _ provinces

750 milliob

food borne helminthiasis affects __ people

food borne helminthiasis

caused by ingestion of contaminated food

Echinostomiasis
Heterophyidiasis
Paragonimiasis
Taeniasis
Capillariasis

food borne helminthiasis

Echinostoma ilocanum
Artyfechinostonum malayanum

species of Echinostomiasis

Heterophyes heterophyes
Haplorchis taichui
Haplorchis yokogawai

species of Heterophyidiasis

Paragonimus westermanii

species of Paragonimiasis

Taenia saginata
Taenia solium
Taenia asiatica

species of Taeniasis

Capillaria philippinensis

species of Capillariasis

0-3%

prevalence range of Heterophyidiasis in the Philippines

17-36%

in Comval (Davao de Oro) __ of Heterophyidiasis cases are caused by Haplorchis taichui

Taenia proglottids

Taeniasis is diagnosed through observation of _______ or eggs in the stool

cysticercus

Taeniasis larval infective stage

Capillaria philippinensis

Capillariasis is caused by _____

Capillariasis

can be acquired upon the consumption of of raw or insufficiently cooked freshwater fish containing infective larvae

Mebendazole
Albendazole

medication for capillariasis

500 mg once a day for 20 days

Mebendazole

400 mg once a day for 10 days

Albendazole

1962

first case of Capillaria philippinensis discovered by a team from the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital and Naval Medical Research Unit-2 in the year ____

University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital and Naval Medical Research Unit-2

first case of Capillaria philippinensis discovered by a team from the ______ in 1962

intestinal capillariasis

mystery disease in 1998

use of anthelminthics

preventive chemotherapy

Albendazole (ALB) and Mebendazole (MEB)

WHO recommended drugs for STH

Praziquantel (PZQ)

WHO recommended drugs for SCH

2006

DOH Integrated Helminth Control Program was launched in ____

January and July

national deworming months

85% in 1-18 yo

MBA target