Unit 4

Industrial Revolution

Rapid development of industry brought about by the development of machines, which allowed fewer workers to produce food, enabling more people to move to and live in cities.

Urbanization

The process where more people move to and live in cities.

Andrew Carnegie's Industry

The Steel Company.

John D. Rockefeller's Industry

The Oil Company.

Vertical Integration

Allowed companies to reduce their costs of production by controlling every stage of the product's manufacturing process from raw materials to distribution.

Horizontal Integration

Consolidating many firms in the same business.

New Inventions

Innovations that transformed American society, including the Assembly Line, Washing Machine, and Radio.

Purpose of Labor Unions

To negotiate with the business owners for better working hours, wages, working conditions, and restrictions on child labor.

Collective Bargaining

Negotiations between an employer and a group of workers who all agree on working hours, conditions, and/or wages.

Business Conflict Pattern

Business owners usually won the conflicts, but the problem reached the newspapers and the general public.