THEOLOGY MIDTERM

Original Holiness

the original state of humans in their relationship with God, sharing in the divine life in full communion with Him

Original Justice

the state of complete harmony of our first parents with themselves, with each other, and with all of creation

Original Sin

sin in which the first humans disobeyed God and thereby lost original holiness and became subject to death

The Fall

when Adam and Eve did not trust in the goodness of God, and decided to disobey his commandments in the pursuit of becoming independent of God

Salvation History

pattern of specific salvific events in human history in which clearly reveals his prescience and saving action

Covenant

a solemn agreement between humans and God or human beings in which mutual commitments are made

Old Law

divine law revealed in the Old Testament, summarized in the 10 commandments, also called law of moments

New Law

divine law revealed in the New Testament through the life and teaching of Jesus Christ and through the witness and teaching of the apostles

Paschal Mystery

the suffering, death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus

Divine Revelation

God's self communication through which he makes known in the mystery of His divine plan. Gift accomplished by the father, son, and the Holy Spirit through words and deeds of salvation history

Trinity

from the Latin word Trinus, meaning 'threefold' referring to the central mystery of the Christian faith that God exists as a communion of 3 distinct persons; Father, Son, and Holy Spirit

Scripture

the term for any sacred writing for the Catholic Church, the old and New Testament make up the Bible, recognized as 'the word of God'

Tradition

refer to the process of passing on the Gospel message, which began with the oral communication of the Gospel by the apostles and was eventually written down in scripture

Common Good

the good that is collectively shared by the number of people and is beneficial for all members of a given community

Social Justice

defense of human dignity by ensuring that essential needs are met and essential human rights are met for all

Grace

free and undeserved gift that God gives, empowering us to respond to His call

Social Doctrine

the body of the church teaching on economic and social matters that includes moral judgements and demands for those who are being harmed. Applies catholic morality to the modern world

Social Encyclical

a teaching letter from the pope to the members of the church on topics of social justice

Rerum Novarum

Pope Leo XIII, father of CST, it was the church's way of becoming a part of the conversation on 'social problems' affirming the right to form our society. On the rights of workers and humans in general and includes safe working conditions, limits on hours, and living wages

Quadragesimo Anno

Pope John XI, 1931. It emphasized the huge gap between the rich and poor as well as criticizing both capitalism and socialism

Mater et Magistra

Pope John XXII, 1961. Condemned any type of nuclear weapon and spent money to assist nations in need rather than make weapons

Pacem in Terris

Pope John Paul XXII, 1963. It means peace=just social order. It also lists social rights

Gaudium et Spes

decided by the Vatican Council II in 1965. Peace is preferred over war. Two of its biggest CST themes are human dignity and common good

Populorum Progressio

Pope Paul VI in 1967. Its about the progress of culture and that society is key to peace

Evangelii Nuntiandi

Pope Paul VI in 1975. Its about the evangelization of the church's mission, but this also includes social justice as well

Laborem Exercens

John Paul II in 1981. People are worth more than Profit. Its purpose is to emphasize that work is a good thing

Centesimus Annus

John Paul II in 1991. It repeats about how we have a right to private property, but not ultimately. Communism failed because it treats us as property

Caritas in Veritate

Pope Benedict XVI in 2009. Justice requires charity to work (the virtue). On top of that, religion and science can work together

Human Dignity

priceless dignity and worth that all humans possess because we are made in the image and likeness of God

Subsidiarity

moral principle that large organizations or government should not take over responsibilities decisions that smaller communities can accomplish themselves

Solidarity

uniting principle in society by which people bear each others suffering together, make sure that material things are distributed justly, and most importantly, share spiritual goods such as prayers and peace

Technocracy

a government or society controlled by those with technological expertise

Consumerism

belief that fulfillment is to be found in the acquisition of consumer goods

Disposable Goods

consumer products designed to be thrown away after a single use

Integral Human Development

the development needed to make something a complete whole, taking into account the development of the whole human person: body and soul

Stewardship

the duty to care for and cultivate something responsibly. God gave humans responsibility of caring for creation

Consistent Pro-Life Ethic

if we can promote actions and euthanasia while at the same time protesting against climate change, we are disrespecting one part of creation, we need to treat human beings well if we are to care for the whole creation

Commutative Justice

calls for fairness in agreements and contracts; most important type of justice, without this society would apart

Legal Justice

type of justice where individuals follow and respect law of the country you live in

Distributive Justice

type of justice where we distribute the goods of society according to each person's needs (church is against communism and capitalism)

Sin

any deliberate offense, in the world, deed, or desire against the will of God. Sin wounds human nature and injuries human solidarity

Mortal Sin

an action so contrary to the will of God that it results in complete separation from God and his grace, as consequences of that separation, the person is condemned to eternal death

Structures of Sin

Social systems blocking justice and human rights.

Social Sin

Impact of personal sins on society and institutions.

Discernment

Practice of distinguishing between good and bad choices.

Work of Mercy

Immediate response to those suffering or in need.

Work of Justice

Action to convert structures of sin into justice.

Civil

Related to the state and its citizens.

Temporal Good

Focus on material and social earthly needs.

Spiritual Good

Focus on communion with God and grace.

Underground Church

Church gatherings hidden due to persecution.

Reparation

Making amends for harm caused to others.

Restitution

Returning what rightfully belongs to another.

Calumny

Lying to ruin another's reputation; a grave sin.

Detraction

Revealing true but harmful information about someone.

Abortion

Deliberate termination of pregnancy; grave sin.

Contraception

Methods to prevent pregnancy during sexual intercourse.

Euthanasia

Action causing death of the sick or dying.

Death Penalty

Execution punishment for legally convicted capital crimes.

Culture of Life

Society valuing all life from conception to death.

Culture of Death

Society devaluing human life at all stages.

St. Teresa of Calcutta

Born in Skopie, Macedonia in 1910,Founder of Missionaries of Charity, served the poor, received Nobel peace prize.

St. Frances of Rome

born in Rome, Italy in 1348. Founded Oblates of Mary, served poor and sick.

Blessed Anne Marie Javouhey

Educated freed slaves in French colonies.

St. Peter Claver

Born in Verdu, Spain in 1580,Ministered to enslaved Africans in Colombia.

St. Roque González

Born in Asuncion, Paraguay in 1537, Martyred Jesuit missionary in South America.

St. Thomas More

Born in London, England in 1478, Martyr opposing King Henry VIII's break from Church.

Blessed Pier Giorgio Frassati

Born in Turin, Italy in 1901, Lay Dominican who served the poor, died young.

St. Vincent de Paul

born in Pouy France in 1581, Founded Vincentians and Daughters of Charity.

St. Benedict of Nursia

Born in Nursia, Italy in 480, Founded Benedictines; authored 'The Rule' for monasticism.

Servant of God Dorothy Day

Born in Brooklyn, New York in 1897, Co-founded Catholic Worker movement for social justice.

St. John Paul II

Born in Wadowice, Poland in 1920, Pope promoting human dignity and interfaith relations.

Truths about nature of justice

inherent dignity in human beings, relational harmony, stewardship and responsibility

How do the accounts of Cain and Abel and of Noah and the Flood demonstrate the impact of Original Sin on society?

It shows the destructive nature of sin, showing how unresolved conflict and sin can fracture

relationships and communities. The flood is a form of judgement against corrupt society.

Social dimension of God's covenant with Abraham

The covenant of Abraham calls for his descendants to live in a manner that reflects God's justice and righteousness implying a commitment to creating a just society.

important truth about social justice is taught through the Exodus event

How God desires justice for the oppressed, he is on their side. Jesus sought freedom for all

people

Social Justice Themes

Respect for life, property, honesty, wealth distribution.

Prophets' Proclamation

Trust in God, repent, practice justice.

Jesus' Teaching

Calls to exceed Old Law's standards.

Source of Human Dignity

Inherent dignity from being made in God's image.

Source of Human Rights

Derived from each person's inherent dignity.

Government Responsibility

Primary duty to protect human rights.

Essential Human Rights

Includes life, worship, economic, and political rights.

Building Block of Society

Families serve as foundational social units.

Family's Societal Importance

Sustains and adds to population growth.

Family as Trinity Image

Reflects equality in dignity and worth.

Work's Role in Vocation

Engages talents, contributes positively to society.

Workers' Rights

Fair compensation, safe environment, health benefits.

Importance of Rest

Rest on Sunday reflects God's creation pattern since he rested on the 7th day.

Caring for the Poor

Policies should address needs of the vulnerable.

Solidarity

is not a feeling but an intentional choice to care for others.

Respect for Creation

Humans are caretakers responsible for flourishing and fulfillment.

Climate Change Impact

Poor and vulnerable suffer most from effects.

Hypocrisy of Caring

Caring for creation without humans is contradictory.

Sin's/social Dimensions

Personal decisions affect social relationships.

Stages of Social Action

Awareness, action, and analysis for justice.

State's Role in Salvation

Protects common good as part of divine plan.

Civil Responsibilities

Contribute to society, engage politically, pay taxes.