GI Physiology: Digestion and Absorption

Flashcards covering key concepts related to digestion and absorption in the gastrointestinal physiology, focusing on the small intestine, enzymes, hormones, and absorption mechanisms.

Chyme in the duodenum leads to __ stimulation of CCK and secretin secretion.

Distension and increased osmolarity.

The hormone __ stimulates enzyme secretion from the pancreas and contraction of the gall bladder.

CCK (Cholecystokinin).

The hormone __ is specifically stimulated by decreased pH of intestinal contents.

Secretin.

CCK and secretin play roles in the __ phase of digestion.

Intestinal.

Digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth with __.

Salivary amylase.

Digestion of polysaccharides is ceased in the stomach due to __.

Acid deactivation of salivary amylase.

Brush border enzymes include dextrinase, glucoamylase, maltase, __, and lactase.

Sucrase.

Amino acids enter the intestinal epithelial cells via __ active transport coupled to Na+.

Secondary.

The absorption of __ is critical for the production of erythrocytes and requires intrinsic factor.

Vitamin B12.

Bile salts are important for the efficient digestion of __.

Fats.

Lipase breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids and __.

Monoglycerides.

The final segment for digestion and absorption is the __.

Ileum.

In the large intestine, water is primarily absorbed by __ linked to solute absorption.

Osmosis.

The pancreas secretes inactive forms of its enzymes such as trypsinogen, which is activated by __.

Enterokinase.

Without bile, fat digestion will occur but will not be very __.

Efficient.

The large intestine absorbs Na+, Cl-, and __, along with bacterial digestion products.

Water.

During diarrhea, the loss of HCO3- in feces can lead to __.

Metabolic acidosis.

Chylomicrons are formed in the __ of intestinal epithelial cells after fat absorption.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER).