crisis of the 14th century

pre crisis of the 14th century

.

1) population = _____

power; in china

2) wealth = ____

gold; they had little

3) biggest city = ____

greatest culture; which was Constantinople, china, or ottomans

why ottomans?

the arabic numerals

arabic numbers vs Roman numerals

Roman numerals: European but bad because it can’t express 0, fractions, negatives, or a placement system

arabic numerals could

GDP

gross domestic product

the total value of goods and services produced

what happened to the GDP between 1750 and 1976

in 1750: west GDP is very low compared to east

in. 1976: we see this flip

why did this flip occur?

3 causes

• decline to ____ west due to biology: small pox disease

• rise of eu economy: exploitation of slave labor

• willingness to innovate: crucial to understanding the dynamism present in western civilization

crisis of the 14th century

.

why did the crisis occur (4)

• war

• collapse of religious authority

• famine/plague

• peasant revolts

100 years war

1337-1453

why did the war occur

(dynastic conflicts to one between states)

• started due to an open throne, start of modern age

detailed outline of the war

• Norman invasion: way earlier, sets everything up

  • Bayeux tapestry: tell the story  

• Plantagenets vs valois

• Edward vs phillip 

• Edward brought in burgundy

• Battle of crecy 

• Battle of agincourt: another great english victory  

• Siege of orleans: Joan of arc  

Post war: war of roses 

• England lost: lancastrian will die and york will take over 

norman invasion

1066 (so a while before the 100 years war), set everything up for the conflict. in this was the battle of Hastings.

battle of Hastings: William the conquerer invaded England and won. this set up the 2 families

people that rule in England

Plantagenets: 2 families within that are the Lancaster and York

plantagents vs Valois

.

Edward vs phillip

Edward and Phillip are both kings but Edward is a duke and Phillip is a vassal to that duke. something happened where Phillip supposedly broke feudal law in which started the war. because Phillip broke feudal law Edward thought he would do the same and claim the throne thinking it was rightfully his

Edward and burgundy vs phillip

Edward brought in burgundy as an ally

the battle of crecy: 1346: new weapons arose including the cannon and gunpowder. along with longbow me

the battle of avincourt: big battle

siege of Orleans: Joan of arc came in (woman dressed as a main) and claimed god could bring French to victory and she did.

consequences in England

houses at war: Lancaster and york

Lancaster got overthrown/killed by the people and York took over. Richard the 3rd then took over and was one of the worst kings to have ever ruled.

the tudors and Henry VIII

challenge Richard at the battle of Bosworth hill

battle of Bosworth hill: Henry wins and Marries Yorkish princess. had a shaky claim tot he throne bc he overthrew the old king

new monarchies

England: Henry vII (tudors)

spain: isabelle and Ferdinand

france: charles VII

characteristics of new monarchies

reorganized the state

• guarantee law and order

• only king could enact laws

• monopoly over violence

• reduced the power of the nobles

strategies to hold power?

• strategic marriage

• reduce power of nobles

• ally w cities and middle class

• work with the church

• reorganize and centralize the government

evidence the new monarchies emerged

England: Galician church: ???

spain: reconquista

England: court of star chamber: ???

Francis I ???

house of Valois, concordat of bologna: created the Gallican church. subordinates church and continues Italian wars.

creates Gallican church: French Catholic Church. allows for French monarchy to appoint bishops keeps tithe money in France.

who runs the church over time (3)

popes: Petrine supremacy

councils: conciliarism

caesaropapism: kings have religious and secular rule (head of church and state)

collapse of religious authority

.

general outline?

crisis of the papacy 1309-1377

• pt 1: the Babylonian captivity of the church

  • pt 2: the western schism

pope clesine V

resigns, successor was pope boniface

since he resigned people assumed the world was going to end: millennialism and flagellants emerged

millennialism

the thought that the world was going to end

flagellants

people that would hit themselves to death to connect to Christs pain

church vs secular state

?

pope Boniface VIII

issues papal bull called clericos laicos: response to Phillip the 4th, forbid secular states from appropriating church revenue

unam sanctum

??

Babylonian captivity of the church

the papal palace: clement V and Avignon popes. held in Avignon

new pope situation

ok so they elected another pope: so there were 2 popes: disrupted the great chain of being: people were scared because if they worshipped the wrong pope they would go to hell in which was the western schism.

council of Pisa

they put council together to solve the problem and elected the new pope and tried to get the other 2 to resign but they didn’t. now there are 3 popes.

council of constance

got all 3 popes to resign and they elected a new pope: Martin V: roman

consequences of it all

1. rise of conciliarism or when councils ran the church

2. rise of personalized faith: lay societies that make their own way.

3. decline in morality: anti clericalism: belief in christ but think the church is corrupt

4. rise of secular power: new monarchies

5. absence of church on Italian peninsula: rise of humanism and Italian renaissance

lay confraternities ????

Gerald Groote and brethren of common life

asceticism: rejection of luxury

the Low Countries: Benelux

devotional moderna religous reform and solitary contemplation

Thomas a Kempis: wrote the imitation of christ, 1418 christian mysticism: depose the world and see the kingdom of heaven

they investigated ways to lead a christian life without relying on the clergy. studied the lie of christ and brought it into everyday life

John Wycliffe and John hus

crushed by church

plague

.

what plague

the Black Death

why did people think famine occurred

because the gods are mad at the people for their sins.

malthusian thesis

Robert malthus, 1798: uses math to explain famine and how there is not enough food for the population

things that were brought on by famine

• anthropophagia: cannibalism

• infanticide: killing of children

• parricide: killing of old people

what caused the Black Death

trade and the bringing over of rats with fleas on them

bubonic and pneumonic

the disease were these 2 things

bubonic: sacks outside the body

pneumonic: sacks on inside of body

epidemic and endemic

epidemic:

endemic:

reoccurring and widespread

things they would do to fight the disease

isolate and quarantine

lavender would go in the plague doctors mask for miasma: thought that good air displaces bad air

Nicolas versoirs

claimed that rich had it rough because they had to flee and left the poor to die

the skull

a representation of momento more: or the thought you could die at any moment

the triumph of death artwork

by traini, shows that social class doesn’t matter when it comes to the plague, equal oppurtunity killer

political affects of the plague

1. labor shortage: lots of peasants died so wages went up

2. rural and urban revolts: response to the raising of the core (labor obligation), tailles (direct tax), and noble lawlessness (terrorizing peasants) in which couldn’t be helped because the lords fled.

reaction to wages going up

English: statue of laborers: 1351: “bound to serve” peasants must work for same pay before plague occurred

• first piece of labor law in Europe

east: serfs

asia: slavery

lepers

people whose skin falls off

the revolts

the great rising: John ball and was Tyler