Chapter 6 Manufacturing Processes

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to manufacturing processes.

Production process

A set of steps used to make a manufactured item.

Lead time

Time needed to respond to a customer order.

Customer order decoupling point

Where inventory is positioned to allow independent operations.

Lean manufacturing

Achieving high customer service with minimal inventory.

Make-to-Stock

Products made for inventory and sold on demand.

Assemble-to-Order

Products assembled from pre-made components after order.

Make-to-Order

Products built after receiving customer order.

Engineer-to-Order

Products designed and built to customer specifications.

Process analysis

Understanding and improving how work is performed.

Process capacity

Maximum output rate.

Capacity utilization

Percentage of capacity used.

Throughput time

Average time a unit moves through process.

Throughput rate

Rate units flow through process.

Run time

Time to produce a batch.

Setup time

Time to prepare equipment.

Operation time

Setup time + run time.

Cycle time

Time between completed units.

Efficiency

Actual output / standard output.

Productivity

Output / input.

Process mapping

Visualizing material flow and inventory.

Inventory types

Raw materials, WIP, finished goods.

Inventory turnover

COGS / average inventory.

Days of supply

Number of days inventory will last.

Little’s Law

Inventory = Throughput rate × Flow time.

Project layout

Product stays fixed, resources move.

Workcenter (job shop)

Grouped by function, high variety.

Manufacturing cell

Grouped for similar products.

Assembly line

Sequential workstations.

Continuous process

Continuous flow production.

Workcenter characteristics

Low volume, high variety, flexible.

Assembly line characteristics

High volume, low variety.

Assembly line cycle time

Time between units off line.

Assembly-line balancing

Assigning tasks to minimize idle time.

Precedence relationship

Order tasks must follow.

Steps in line balancing

Define tasks, set cycle time, assign tasks.

Ways to improve task time

Split tasks, share tasks, parallel stations, redesign.