Western Heritage Final- Quotes

Quote identification for the Western Heritage Final

King John of England

Magna Carta

The Church, Right to property, Right to Liberty, Justice

Magna Carta

"The English church shall be free, and have its rights undiminished and its liberties unimpaired"

Magna Carta

"No Scutage of aid may be levied in our kingdom without its general consent.”

Magna Carta

“No constable or other royal official shall take corn or other movable goods from any man without immediate payment”

Magna Carta

“No free man shall be seized… except by the lawful judgement of his equals or by the law of the land”

Magna Carta

“To no one will we sell, to no one deny or delay right or justice”

Magna Carta

"The English Church shall be free and that men in our kingdom shall have and keep all these liberties, rights and concessions well and peaceable in their fulness and entirety for them and their heirs.

Magna Carta

"Neither we nor any royal official will take food for out castle or for any other purpose, without the consent of the owner"

Magna Carta

Thomas Aquinas

Summa Contra Gentiles

Faith and Reason

Summa Contra Gentiles

"There are some truths which the natural reason also is able to reach. Such are that God exists, that He is one, and the like. In fact such truths about God have been proved demonstratively by the philosophers, guided by the light of the natural reason."

Summa Contra Gentiles

“Some truths about God exceed all the ability of the human reason. Such is the truth that God is triune. But there are some truths which the natural reason also is able to reach. Such are that God exists, that He is one, and the like”

Summa Contra Gentiles

-"Now although the truth of the Christians face which we have discussed surpasses the capacity of the reason nevertheless that truth that the human reason is naturally endowed to know cannot be opposed to the truth of the Christian faith

Summa Contra Gentiles

"The Highest level of human knowledge is which consists in knowing God"

Summa Contra Gentiles

"The intellect of an angel surpasses the human intellect much more than the intellect of the greatest philosopher surpasses the intellect of the most uncultivated simple person"

Summa Contra Gentiles

Thomas Aquinas

On Kingship

Government, Rebellion, Monarchy

On Kingship

"Wherefore if men were intended to live alone as many animals do he would require no other guide to his end"

On Kingship

"If then it is natural for men to live in the society of many it is necessary that there exist among men some means by which the group may be governed"

On Kingship

"It is therefore that a multitude of free men is ordered by the rule towards the common good of the multitude that the rule ship will be right in just as is suitable to free men. On the other hand a ruler aims not at the common good of the multitude but the private gate of the ruler it will be an unjust and perverted relationship."

On Kingship

“The more effective a government is in keeping the unity of the peace the more useful it will be"

On Kingship

"If the excessive tyranny is unbearable some have been of the opinion that it would be an act of virtue for strong men to slay the tyrant and to expose themselves to the danger of death in order to set the multitude free"

On Kingship

"Men living under a king drive more sluggishly for the common good, inasmuch as they consider that what they devote to the common good they do not confer upon themselves upon another"

On Kingship

“When many emperors of the Romans tyrannically persecuted the faith of Christ, a great number both of the nobility and the common people were converted to the faith… they did not resist although they were armed”

On Kingship

“To deserve to secure this benefit from God, the people must desist from sin, for it is by divine permission that wicked men receive power to rule as a punishment for sin”

On Kingship

“Every natural governance is governance by one”

On Kingship

Petrarch

On His Own Ignorance

Faith, Wisdom, Learning

On His Own Ignorance

"If you do not wish to grant me more, let it be my portion at least to be a good man. This I cannot be if I do not love you dearly and do not adore you piously. For this purpose I am born, not for learning”

On His Own Ignorance

“Whenever I have made a sober use of learning, I have sought in it nothing but to become good”

On His Own Ignorance

“Happier by far is one of these feeble ones who believe in You than Plato, Aristotle, Varro, and Cicero, who with all their knowledge did not know You”

On His Own Ignorance

“For while the ancient pagans may tell many fables about their gods, they do not, at any rate, blaspheme; they have no notion of the true God; they have not heard of Christ’s name—and faith results from hearing”

On His Own Ignorance

"But, You, my God, Lord of Learning, Besides whom there is no other god, You whom I must and will prefer to Aristotle and all the philosophers and poets and all those who boastingly make many haughty words to learning and doctrines and to all things whatsoever. You can grant me the true name of a good man which these four grant me untruly"

On His Own Ignorance

"These are the two things without which there can be absolutely no happiness: Faith and Immortality. I already regret saying that he did not comprehend them or ignored them."

On His Own Ignorance

"But when their words and doctrines were resounding all over the globe, these men were already dead and buried"

On His Own Ignorance

"Faith and immortality were not yet comprehended: He did not know of them, nor could he know of them or hope for them. The true light had not yet begun to shine, which lights every man who comes into this world."

On His Own Ignorance

”The very men who know most and understand most possess, I presume, in the highest degree this knowledge of themselves and of their own imperfection, this knowledge which I have called their consolation.”

On His Own Ignorance

Niccolo Machiavelli

The Prince

Power

The Prince

"Those who by similar noble conduct become princes acquire their principalities with difficulty, but maintain them with ease… We must bear in mind, then, that there is nothing more difficult and dangerous, or more doubtful of success, than an attempt to introduce a new order of things in any state”

The Prince

“Cruelties should be committed all at once, as in that way each separate one is less felt, and gives less offence; benefits, on the other hand, should be conferred one at a time”

The Princes

“It will naturally be desirable to be both [feared and loved]; but as it is difficult to be both at the same time, it is much more safe to be feared than to be loved”

The Prince

"It is noted that in taking possession of a state the conqueror should well reflect as to the harsh measures that may be necessary, and then execute them at a single blow, so as not to be obliged to renew them every day;"

The Prince

"Benefits, on the other hand, should be conferred one at a time, for in that way they will be more appreciated"

The Prince

"As men are naturally bad, and will not observe their faith towards you, you must, in the same way, not observe yours to them; and no prince ever yet lacked legitimate reasons with which to color his want of good faith."

The Prince

"It is to be noted that in taking possession of a state the conqueror should well reflect as to the harsh measures that may be necessary, and then execute them at a single blow, so as not to be obliged to renew them everyday; and by thus not repeating them, to assure himself of the support of the inhabitants, and win them over to himself by benefits bestowed."

The Prince

Niccolo Machiavelli

The discourses

Legacy, Power, Religion

The Discourses

“Of all men who have been eulogized, those deserve it most who have been the authors and founders of religions; next come such as have established republics of kingdoms…"

The Discourses

"As the observance of divine institution is the cause of the greatness of republics, so the disregard of them produces their ruin; for where the fear of God is wanting, there the country will come to ruin, unless it be sustained by the fear of the prince, which may temporarily supply the want of religion."

The Discourses

“I conclude that the religion introduced by Numa into Rome was one of the chief causes of the prosperity of that city”

The Discourses

"In truth, there never was any remarkable lawgiver amongst any people who did not resort to divine authority, as otherwise his laws would not have been accepted by the people.”

The Discourses

Martin Luther

Address To The Christian Nobility

Corruption in the Church, The Three Walls, Priesthood of all Believers

Address To The Christian Nobility

"Therefore we should pay attention not so much to the sinful lives of the papists as to their wicked doctrine and their hypocrisy, and this is what we chiefly attack."

Address to the Christian Nobility

“whose malice and wickedness I will now, by the help of God, expose, so that, being known, they may henceforth cease to be so obstructive and injurious”

Address to the Christian Nobility

“The Romanists have, with great adroitness, drawn three walls round themselves, with which they have hitherto protected themselves, so that no one could reform them, whereby all Christendom has fallen terribly”

Address to the Christian Nobility

“We have one baptism, one gospel, one faith, and are all Christians alike… Thus we are all consecrated as priests by baptism”

Address to the Christian Nobility

“I say forasmuch as the temporal power has been ordained by God for the punishment of the bad, and the protection of the good, therefore we must let it do its duty throughout the whole Christian body”

Address to the Christian Nobility

"All Christians are truly of the spiritual state and there's no difference among them save of office alone. As Saint Paul says we are all one body, and each member does its own work to serve the others."

Address to the Christian Nobility

"Let us in the first place attack the first wall it has been devised at the Pope bishops priest and monks are called the spiritual estates Princes Lords, artificers and peasants are the temporal state which is a very fine hypocritical device"

Address to the Christian Nobility

"The second wall is even more tottering weak that they alone pretend to be considered masters of the Scriptures although they learn nothing of them all their life they assume authority and juggle for us with impudent words saying that the pope cannot air in matters of faith whether he'd be evil or good”

Address to the Christian Nobility

"The third wall falls of itself as soon as the first two have fallen for the pope act contrary to the scripture we are bound to stand by the scriptures to punish into constraint him according to Christ Commandment."

Address to the Christian Nobility

Martin Luther

On Christian Liberty

Sola Scriptura, Sola Fide, Works

On Christian Liberty

“One thing, and one alone, is necessary for life, justification, and Christian liberty, and that is the most holy word of God, the Gospel of Christ”

On Christian Liberty

“Hence it is clear that as the soul needs the word alone for life and justification, so it is justified by faith alone and not by any works”

On Christian Liberty

“It is clear then that to a Christian man his faith suffices for everything, and that he has no need of works for justification. But if he has no need of works, neither has one need of the law; and, if he has no need of the law, he is certainly free from the law”

On Christian Liberty

“Thus the soul, in firmly believing the promises of God, holds Him to be true and righteous”

On Christian Liberty

“Thus a Christian being consecrated by his faith, does good works; but he is not by these works made a more sacred person, or more a Christian… It is always necessary that the substance or person should be good before any good works can be done”

On Christian Liberty

Council of Trent

The Canons and Decrees of The Council of Trent

Unity, Punishment, Interpretation, justification, Sola Fide, Priesthood of All Believers

The Canons and Decrees of The Council of Trent

"Whilst we deemed it necessary for the integrity of the Christian religion and for the confirmation within us of the hope of heavenly things, that there be one fold and one shepherd for the Lord's flock, the unity of the Christian name was well-nigh rent and torn asunder by schisms, dissensions, and heresies"

The Canons and Decrees of The Council of Trent

-“Because of our transgressions and the guilt of us all, indeed, because of the wrath of God hanging over us by reason of our sins, Rhodes has been lost, Hungary ravaged”

The Canons and Decrees of The Council of Trent

“[the council] decrees that no one relying on his own judgement… shall, in matters of faith and morals pertaining to the edification of Christian doctrine… presume to interpret them contrary to that sense which holy mother Church... has held and holds”

The Canons and Decrees of The Council of Trent

“The beginning of that justification must proceed from the predisposing grace of God through Jesus Christ, that is, from His vocation, whereby, without any merits on their part, they are called”

The Canons and Decrees of The Council of Trent

"Then considering that our predecessors, endowed with admirable wisdom and sanctity, had often in the greatest dangers of the Christian commonwealth had recourse to ecumenical councils and general assemblies of bishops as the best and most suitable remedy, we also decided to hold a general council."

The Canons and Decrees of The Council of Trent

"For faith, unless hope and charity be added to it, neither unites man perfectly with Christ nor makes him a living member of His body"

The Canons and Decrees of The Council of Trent

"we are therefore said to be justified gratuitously, because none of those things that precede justification, whether faith or works, merit the grace of justification"

The Canons and Decrees of The Council of Trent

"if anyone says all Christians have the power to administer the Word and all the sacraments, let him be anathema"

The Canons and Decrees of The Council of Trent

King James VI of Scotland

The True Law of Free Monarchies

Common Good, monarchy

The True Law of Free Monarchies

"As there is not a thing so necessary to be known by the people of any land, next the knowledge of their God, as the right knowledge of their allegiance, according to the form of government established among them, especially in a monarchy."

The True Law of Free Monarchies

"Kings are called gods by the prophetical King David, because they sit upon God's throne in the earth, and have the account of their administration to give unto him.Their office is to minister justice and judgement to the people"

The True Law of Free Monarchies

“I have chosen… to set down in this short treatise the true grounds of the mutual duty and allegiance betwixt a free and absolute monarchy and his people”

The True Law of Free Monarchies

“Lovingly it is written for your well-being”

The True Law of Free Monarchies

“[The king is] accountable to that great God, who placed him as his lieutenant over them, upon the peril of his soul to procure the wealth of both souls and bodies”

The True Law of Free Monarchies

“It be true that I have at length proved that the king is above the law… yet a good king will not only delight to rule his subjects by the law, but even will conform himself in his own actions thereunto, always keeping that ground, that the health of the commonwealth be his chief law”

The True Law of Free Monarchies

"To maintain concord, wealth, and civility among them, as a loving father and careful watchman, caring for them more than for himself, knowing himself to be ordained for them, and they not for him."

The True Law of Free Monarchies

Thomas Hobbes

Leviathan

Power, War, Government

Leviathan

"Competition of riches, honor, command, or other power inclines to contention, enmity, and war because the way of one competitor to the attaining of his desire is to kill, subdue, supplant, or repel the other."

Leviathan

“I put for a general inclination of all mankind a perpetual and restless desire of power after power, that ceases only in death”

Leviathan

"Whatsoever therefore is consequent to a time of war, where every man is enemy to every man, the same is consequent to the time wherein men live without other security than what their own invention shall furnish them withal. In such condition there is no place for industry, because the fruit thereof is uncertain… no account of time; no arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, short."

Leviathan

"The only way to erect such a common power as may be able to defend them from the invasion of foreigners, and the injuries of one another, and thereby to secure them in such sort as that by their own industry, and by the fruits of the earth, they may nourish themselves and live contentedly is to confer all their power and strength upon one man,or upon one assembly of men, that it may reduce all their wills, by plurality of voices, unto one will"

Leviathan

”every man is enemy to every man, the same is consequent to the time wherein men live without other security than what their own strength and their own invention shall furnish them withal.”

Leviathan

John Locke

Second Treatise of Civil Government

Chaos, God, Law, Revolution

Second Treatise of Civil Government

"we must consider what state all men are naturally in, and that is a state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons, as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature, without asking leave or depending upon the will of any other man"

Second Treatise of Civil Government