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Why did the medieval system of unpaid amateurs struggle to maintain law and order in the 18th and 19th centuries?
The rise in population and growth of towns and cities made it difficult for unpaid constables and watchmen to enforce the law effectively.
Who were ‘Thief-Takers,’ and what did they do?
Private individuals who captured criminals for a reward or negotiated the return of stolen property for a fee.
Who was Jonathan Wild, and why was he notorious?
He was the self-proclaimed "Thief-Taker General of Great Britain and Ireland", but he secretly ran an organized crime empire, planning thefts and then profiting by "recovering" stolen goods.
What role did Henry Fielding play in policing?
Appointed Chief Magistrate of Bow Street in 1748.
Published An Enquiry into the Late Increase of Robbers (1751).
Created the Bow Street Runners, a force of six full-time, paid officers.
What was the motto of the Bow Street Runners?
"Quick notice and sudden pursuit."
How did John Fielding expand the work of the Bow Street Runners?
Enhanced policing of London’s streets.
Secured government funding to expand the force.
Created crime information networks to help catch criminals.
What was the Bow Street Horse Patrol (1763)?
A mounted force established with a £600 government grant to deal with highway robbery.
What was the Quarterly Pursuit (1772), and why was it important?
A newspaper that listed crimes and wanted criminals.
Renamed The Public Hue and Cry in 1786.
Became The Police Gazette in the early 1800s.
Marked the beginnings of a national crime information network.
What did the Middlesex Justices Act of 1792 do?
It extended the Bow Street Runners model by funding 7 Justices of the Peace (JPs) in other parts of London, each with six full-time runners.
What was the Thames River Police (1798), and who campaigned for it?
A dedicated police force to protect the River Thames from theft, campaigned for by Patrick Colquhoun.
What was the Horse Patrol of 1805?
A force of 54 armed officers (with swords, truncheons, and pistols) to patrol the highways around London and prevent crime.
How many officers were policing London by 1829?
450 constables and 4,000 watchmen for a population of 1.5 million.
What policing concept did the Bow Street Runners introduce?
Preventative policing – trying to stop crime before it happened rather than just reacting to it.
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