An indirect reference to something (usually a literary text, although it can be other things commonly known, such as plays, songs, historical events) with which the reader is supposed to be familiar.
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Anecdote
A brief recounting of a relevant episode. Often inserted into fictional or non fictional texts as a way of developing a point or injecting humor.
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Antecedent
The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.
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Diction
Word choice, particularly as an element of style. Different types of words have significant effects on meaning.
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Colloquial
Ordinary or familiar type of conversation.
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Jargon
The diction used by a group which practices a similar profession or activity.
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Didactic
A term used to describe fiction, nonfiction or poetry that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking.
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Allegory
A story, fictional or non fictional, in which characters, things, and events represent qualities or concepts.
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Aphorism
A terse statement which expresses a general truth or moral principle.
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Euphemism
A more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts. Sometimes they are used for political correctness.
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Analogy
a comparison of one pair of variables to a parallel set of variables..
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Hyperbole
Exaggeration
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Idiom
A common, often used expression that doesn’t make sense if you take it literally. “
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Metaphor
Making an implied comparison, not using “like,” as,” or other such words.
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Simile
Using words such as “like” or “as” to make a direct comparison between two very different things.
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Imagery
Word or words that create a picture in the reader's mind. Usually this involves the five senses.
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Juxtaposition
Placing things side by side for the purposes of comparison.
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Motif
a recurring idea in a piece of literature.
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Oxymoron
When apparently contradictory terms are grouped together and suggest a paradox – “wise fool,” “eloquent silence,” “jumbo shrimp.”
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Paradox
A seemingly contradictory situation which is actually true.
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Symbol
Anything that represents or stands for something else. Usually a symbol is something concrete such as an object, actions, character...that represents something more abstract.
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