AHPT 637 Exam 1 Lab Values

Total Cholesterol: What are the three classification categories?

• Desired: Less than 200 mg/dL.

• Borderline High: 200-239 mg/dL.

• High: 240 mg/dL or higher.

Troponin (I and T): What are the normal values and why is it the "Gold Standard"?

• Normal: Troponin I: 0 to 0.1 ng/mL; Troponin T: 0 to 0.2 ng/mL.

• Significance: Most specific marker for myocardial injury. Clinicians do multiple tests because changes don't show immediately; it helps differentiate MI from other issues.

Troponin Timeline: What is the onset, peak, and return to normal for Troponin I vs. T?

• Troponin I: Onset 2-3 hrs; Peak 12-24 hrs; Normal in 4-7 days.

• Troponin T: Onset 2-3 hrs; Peak 10-24 hrs; Normal in 10-14 days.

CK-MB (Isoenzyme): What is the normal value and its specific diagnostic "window"?

• Norm: Less than 5 percent of total CK.

• Timeline: Onset 4-6 hrs; Peak 12 hrs; Normal in 1-2 days.

• Role: Because it clears quickly, it is used to diagnose a re-infarction (a second MI happening shortly after the first).

Myoglobin: What is the normal value and its primary clinical benefit?

• Normal: Less than 100 ng/mL

• Benefit: Onset is 1-3 hours. It is the earliest marker to rise after an MI occurs.

BNP (B-type Natriuretic Peptide): What do the levels indicate about Heart Failure (HF)?

• Less than 100 pg/mL: No heart failure.

• 100-300 pg/mL: Class I (Cardiac disease, no symptoms).

• Over 300 pg/mL: Class II (Mild symptoms/slight limitation).

• Over 600 pg/mL: Class III (Marked limitation).

• Over 900 pg/mL: Class IV (Severe symptoms at rest).

Total Cholesterol: What are the three classification categories?

• Desired: Less than 200 mg/dL.

• Borderline High: 200-239 mg/dL.

• High: 240 mg/dL or higher.

LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein): What are the target and high levels?

• Desired: Less than 100 mg/dL.

• Borderline High

• High: 160-189 mg/dL.

• Very High: 190 mg/dL or higher.

HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein): What are the target values for men and women?

• Male: 40 mg/dL or higher.

• Female: 50 mg/dL or higher.

• Role: "Good" cholesterol that carries fats back to the liver for elimination.

Triglycerides: What are the normal and "Very High" levels?

• Normal: Less than 150 mg/dL.

• Borderline High: 150-199

• High: 220-499

• Very High: 500 mg/dL or higher.

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen): What is the normal range and cardiac significance?

• Norm: 8 to 23 mg/dL.

• Significance: Elevated BUN can indicate decreased cardiac output (Heart Failure) because the kidneys are not being perfused properly.

Serum Glucose: What is the normal range and why is it monitored?

• Norm: 70 to 110 mg/dL.

• Significance: High glucose (Diabetes) is a major risk factor for CAD and can impair healing after surgery.

Normal ABI Range: What is the value and its clinical significance?

1.00 – 1.40 > Indicates normal arterial flow.

Borderline/Acceptable ABI: What is the range?

0.91 – 0.99 > Considered borderline; the patient may be asymptomatic or have very early disease.

Mild to Moderate PAD: What is the ABI range and common symptoms?

0.50 – 0.90 > Patient typically experiences Intermittent Claudication during walking or exercise.

Severe PAD: What is the ABI range and the clinical "Red Flag"?

Less than 0.50 >Indicates severe ischemia. Symptoms include Pain at Rest and a high risk for critical limb ischemia or gangrene.

Non-Compressible Arteries: What does an ABI > 1.40 indicate?

Indicates calcification of the arterial walls (stiff vessels). This is commonly seen in patients with long-standing Diabetes. The test is considered unreliable in this case.