Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Bacteria

• Membrane lipids: ester-linked

Use chlorophyll for photosynthesis

Archaea

• Have histone proteins

• Capable of methanogenesis

• Often live in extreme environments

Can be susceptible to antibiotics

Bacteria

• Most diverse and abundant organisms on Earth

• Circular DNA

• Ribosomes (free-floating)

• Cytoplasm

• Plasma membrane + cell wall

• Plasmids

• Flagella (sometimes

Bacteria Structure

• Microscopic

• Structurally simple

• Extremely numerous

• Highly diverse metabolism

Bacteria key traits

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Makes inheritance complex:Three types: transformation, transduction, and conjugation.

Conjugation

• DNA transferred via pilus

Transformation

• DNA taken from dead cells

Transduction

• DNA transferred via viruses

extremophiles

Archaea are often called