Genetic Change

Gene pool

a gene pool is a combination of all the genes and alleles present in a population

Allele frequency

how often an allele shows up in a population

allele frequency equation

evolution

a change in allele frequencies in a population over many generations

population

a group of organisms of one species that live in the same area at the same time

species

a group of organisms that can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring

gene flow/migration

the movement of individuals/genetic material from one population to another

processes that can cause evolution

mutation

natural selection

genetic drift

gene flow and migration

mutation

a permanent change in the dna sequence that creates a new allele

natural selection

organisms that are better adapted to an environment will survive and reproduce

natural selection requires

variation

differential reproduction

heredity

genetic drift

change in the frequency of an existing allele in a population due to random chance

two types of genetic drift

bottleneck effect

founder effect

bottleneck effect

where population rapidly decreases because of a major event

founder effect

a few individuals in a population leave their population to a new location or gets seperated

how does population size affect genetic variation

a small population has less variation and is more susceptible to change