PSYCH Test 1 DQS

Sparse, population, specificity? a single, different neuron fires in response to a different stimuli. for instance, one neuron fires when seeing a baseball, a different neuron fires when seeing a table, etc

specifity

Sparse, population, specificity? many neurons fire together when seeing someone’s face and a different set of many neurons fire when seeing a different' person’s face

population

Sparse, population, specificity? a small pattern of neurons fire when seeing a backpack, and a different small pattern of neurons fire when seeing a laptop

sparse

Difference between hyperpolarization, repolarization and depolarization

depolarization = negative to positive

repolarization = return to resting negative state,

hyperpolarization = negative to even more negative

a neuron sends a signal to another neuron. on the presynaptic neuron, which structure transmits the signal to the postsynaptic neuron?

axon

a neuron sends a signal to another neuron. the signal travels across a gap referred to as the

synapse

a neuron sends serotonin, a neurotransmitter, to another neuron. which structure receives the signal on the postsynaptic neuron?

dendrite

a neuron is dying because it is not processing nutrients efficiently and effectively, which component of the neuron is responsible for this process?

cell body

today, researchers believe that neurons communicate across a gap rather than a continuous network, what is this theory called?

neuron doctrine

when watching a dog run around the park, neurons in the frontal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe are activated. what is this process called?

distributed representation

the cerebellum is activated during coordination of motor movement, as when doing a balancing pose in yoga. what is this process caled?

localization of function

bottom up or top down? andrew wakes up one morning not knowing where he is, he feels sheets on his body, his head on top of a pullow, and a soft mattress beneath him. then, he realizes he’s in his bed

bottom up

lucy is at work thinking about where she wants to put up halloween decorations in her home, she visualizes her home and the decorations she has, thinking of which items she wants where

top down

jean is running in the woods and sees a long, dark, skinny object to her left shoe, she jumps up and to the right, thinking it’s a snake. upon close look, it’s a stick.

top down

as danielle is reading in her room at night, her dim light is providing illumination that her pupils need to see the words in the book

bottom up

peter orders a dr. pepper at a restaurant, he nearly spits the liquid out when he tastes coke instead

top down

in the middle of the night, Stacy wakes up to use the restroom. she sees a dark object in the corner and knows its her cardboard cutout of Barack Obama

top down

rick stubs his toe on a chair. his pain receptors send the signal to the brain, and rick feels pain in his toe

bottom up

Jimmy is driving on the highway and sees a road sign that says 55 MPH, he slows his speed to 60 and continues driving

bottom up

Bert is blind tasting jelly beans, he has to figure out which flavor is which from taste alone

bottom up

Brandi misses what he professor said. she isnt sure if her professor said “stimulus” or “silly legs” she thinks it must be stimulus because she’s in a biology class

top down

Kayla is walking along the beach in the early morning. she sees a dark objec in the distance and thinks it’s probably a beach chair, not a TV

top down

Brandi sees an object on her desk. she recognizes it as her three hole punch, which she’d been trying to locate days prior; what/perception/ventral pathway and where/action/dorsal pathway

what/perception/ventral pathway

Darius is playing soccer and he runs up to the ball, kicking it in exactly the location he planned to. the ball goes soaring into the net

where/action/dorsal pathway

choose an example of how principles of perception hapens in the real world

groups things together because they’re near each other

same color on the jersey so assumes they’re on a team together

when Marisa goes to the dentist, she knows she’s going to wait in the waiting room, be called back by a dental assistant, and sit in a chair with light shining down on her. she knows it will be uncomfortable to have her teeth cleaned, but it will only last about 20 minutes, Marisa has a what script about the dentist

scene

Sarah has been playing the violin for years now, he brain has-developed stronger connections in regions involved in motor coordination, auditory processing, and motor control compared to other people her age who are not musicians. this is an example of

experience dependent plasticity

according to Treisman’s attenuation model of attention, which word wuld someone have to shotu in order to be heard at a loud party

Ancillary ; unnecessary information is weakend not completely blocked off

According to Treisman, the what is what dictates why our name has a lower threshold of activation compared to the word “menagerie”

dictionary unit

Danny heard her friend talking to her at a party, but she did not hear the other conversations happening around her. all she could ake in was the general noise level, which model of attention fits in this example?

broadbent’s filter model

participants heard the words “i saw a plane” while either “sky” or “field” played in their unattended ear, if they heard “sky” they were more likely to say that the sentence “I was riding in an airplane” was stated, this is an example of a what selection model

late

Nathan is writing a paper and he is so focused, he cannot hear the noise in the library around him. Nathan is completing a low/high load task

High load

Jordan is washing her dishes, so she can talk to her roommate at the same time. Jordan is completing a low/high load task

low

Kelly can drive and listen to her audiobook at the same time. however, when it starts snowing, kelly must pause her book to focus on driving. the theory that best supports this is called the

load theory of attention

Greg is focused on completing a puzzle that he does not hear his friend ask him what he wants for dinner, this is an example of

Inattention Blindness

Students are unlikely of notice that a tree has been chopped down o campus since there are so many trees and other objects around campus, this is an example of

change detection

Ruth is so focused on doing her math homework that she does not hear water boiling for her tea, this type of attention is known as

selective

Humans have an innate ability to understand and produce language, regardless of how language has been reinforced or punished

noah chomsky / linguist

it will take a longer amount of time to decide which movie to watch when given 3 options compared to the time it would take to decide to watch one movie

donders; reaction time / choice

when we study psychological phenomena, we should teach participants how to break down their experience into individual sensations

wundt; introspection to break experiences into basic sensations

when trying to understand attention, we should think about how paying attention to one stimulus means drawing attention away from other stimuli

william james / focus

students only answer questions in class because they receive the reward of being correct in front of their classmates

BF Skinner / operant conditioning

people will remember information better if they test themselves over it everyday or every other day. in doing so, time spent testing will also decrease

Ebbinghaus ; memory and forgetting

if someone is lost on their way home because they took a wrong turn, they can use their cognitive map of the route to help them figure out how to get home

cognitive map / tolman

we should not study invisible processes like self esteem

behaviorism = watson