4.6 Part 1: Theories of Motivation
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6 Terms
Arousal Theory
We are motivated to maintain an optimal level of alertness (arousal).
Too bored → seek stimulation
Too stressed → seek relaxation
Related to the Yerkes-Dodson Law
Incentive Theory
Behavior is motivated by external rewards or avoiding punishment.
Example: Studying to get good grades or rewards.
Self-Determination Theory
Motivation is driven by internal needs:
Autonomy (control over your actions)
Competence (feeling capable)
Relatedness (connection to others)
Drive-Reduction Theory
We are motivated to reduce physical discomfort (drives) and maintain homeostasis.
Example: Eating when hungry, drinking when thirsty.
Lewin’s Motivational Conflicts Theory
Describes conflicts between goals:
Approach-Approach: Choosing between two good options
Avoidance-Avoidance: Choosing between two bad options
Approach-Avoidance: One goal has both positive and negative aspects
Sensation-Seeking Theory
Some people are motivated to seek thrilling, exciting, and risky experiences.
Example: Skydiving, roller coasters
