Physical Science - Chapter 13 

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Physical Science

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37 Terms

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Torque
a force that tends to cause a rotation about a pivot point.
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Simple machines
a basic mechanical device that changes the magnitude, direction, or distance traveled of the force used when doing work.
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Efficiency
a comparison of the amount of usable energy remaining after a process with the original amount of energy that went into the process.
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Lever
a simple machine that consists of a rigid bar that turns about a pivot point (the fulcrum)
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Gear
a simple machine that consists of a wheel with teeth on its perimeter that mesh with similar teeth of other gears to do work.
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Wheel and axle
a simple machine consisting of a wheel with a rod running through its axis that acts as the pivot point.
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Fulcrum
the point about which a lever pivots or rotates.
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Mechanical advantage
the amount by which a simple machine multiplies an input force to produce an output force.
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Pulley
that consists of a wheel and axle system with a groove around the perimeter of the wheel in which a rope, cable, or belt moves with the wheel as it rotates.
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work
the energy transferred to a system by an external force when it acts on the system to move it
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power
the rate of doing work
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simple machines
a basic mechanical device that changes the magnitude, direction, or distance traveled of the force used when doing work
13
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inclined plane
simple machine that consists of a plane whose opposite ends are at different heights
14
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mechanical advantage
the amount by which a simple machine multiplies an input force to produce an output force
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ideal mechanical advantage
the mechanical advantage for an ideal machine (100% efficient) with no friction
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actual mechanical advantage
the mechanical advantage that accounts for all mechanical losses sustained through using a machine
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efficiency
a comparison of the amount of usable energy remaining after a process with the original amount of energy that went into the process
18
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lever
a simple machine that consists of a rigid bar that turns about a pivot point (the fulcrum)
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fulcrum
the point about which a lever pivots or rotates
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torque
a force that tends to cause a rotation about a pivot point
21
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first-class lever
a lever in which the fulcrum is between the input and output forces
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second-class lever
a lever in which the output force is between the input force and the fulcrum
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third-class lever
a lever in which the input force is between the output force and the fulcrum
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wheel and axle
a simple machine consisting of a wheel with a rod running through its axis that acts as the pivot point
25
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gear
a simple machine that consists of a wheel with teeth on its perimeter that mesh with similar teeth of other gears to do work
26
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pulley
a simple machine that consists of a wheel and axle system with a groove around the perimeter of the wheel in which a rope, cable, or belt moves with the wheel as it rotates
27
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inclined plane
a simple machine that consists of a plane whose opposite ends are at different heights
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compound machine
a machine that combines two or more simple machines
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work
the energy transferred to a system by an external force when it acts on the system to move it
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power
the rate of doing work
31
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inclined plane
simple machine that consists of a plane whose opposite ends are at different heights
32
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ideal mechanical advantage
the mechanical advantage for an ideal machine (100% efficient) with no friction
33
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actual mechanical advantage
the mechanical advantage that accounts for all mechanical losses sustained through using a machine
34
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first-class lever
a lever in which the fulcrum is between the input and output forces
35
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second-class lever
a lever in which the output force is between the input force and the fulcrum
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third-class lever
a lever in which the input force is between the output force and the fulcrum
37
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compound machine
a machine that combines two or more simple machines