Final 261 Quiz

database (DB)

database (DB)

an integrated collection of stored data that is centrally managed and controlled

schema

database component that contains descriptive information about the data stored in the physical data store

database management system (DBMS)

a system software component that manages and controls one or more databases

Structured Query Language SQL

a query language used to access and update the data in a relational database

data administrator (DA)

The person in charge of the structure and integrity of the data

database administrator (DBA)

The person in charge of the safety and operation of the DBMS

relational database management system (RDBMS)

a DBMS that organizes data in tables or relations

tables

two-dimensional data structures consisting of columns and rows

row

one horizontal group of data attribute values in a table

attribute

one vertical group of data attribute values in a table

attribute value

the value held in a single table cell

key

an attribute or set of attributes, the values of which are unique for each row of the table, that is used to uniquely identify a row

candidate key

an attribute or set of attributes that are unique identifiers and could serve as the primary key

primary key

the key chosen by a database designer to define relationships by being used as a foreign key in other tables

foreign key

an attribute that duplicates the primary key of a different (or foreign) table

referential integrity

every value as a foreign key in one table must have an equivalent value as the primary key in the associated table

referential integrity constraint

a constraint, stored in the schema, that the DBMS uses to automatically enforce referential integrity

normalization

a formal technique for transforming a relational schema to an equivalent one that minimizes data redundancy and eliminates data anomalies

first normal form (1NF)

a restriction that all fields must be atomic, or single valued

functional dependency

a relationship between columns such that the values in one (or more) column determine the values in a second column (or set of columns)

second normal form (2NF)

a restriction that a table is in 1NF and that each non-key attribute is functionally dependent on the entire primary key

third normal form (3NF)

a restriction that a table is in 2NF and that no non-key attribute is functionally dependent on any other nonkey attribute

data type

the storage format and allowable content of a program variable, class attribute, or relational database field

primitive data types

data types supported directly by computer hardware or a programming language

complex data types

combinations of or extensions to primitive data types that are supported by programming languages, operating systems, and DBMSs

instantiation

creation of an object based on the template provided by the class definition

object-oriented design

the process to identify the set of classes, their methods, and their messages required to execute a use case

stereotype

a way of categorizing a model element by its characteristics, indicated by guillemets (« »)

entity class

a design stereotype for a problem domain class

persistent class

an entity class whose objects must continue to exist after a system is shut down

boundary or view class

a class that exists on a system’s automation boundary, such as a user interface or a system interface class

controller class

a class that mediates between boundary classes and entity classes, acting as a switchboard between the boundary or view layer and domain layer

data access class

a class that is used to retrieve data from a database

visibility

a notation that indicates (by plus or minus sign) whether an attribute can be directly accessed by another object

method signature

a notation that shows all the information needed to invoke, or call, the method

class-level method

a method that is associated with a class instead of with objects of the class

class-level attribute

an attribute that contains the same value for all objects in the system

navigation visibility

a design principle in which one object has a reference to another object and thus can interact with it

CRC cards

a brainstorming and design technique for designing interactions in use cases by assigning responsibilities and collaborations for classes

object responsibility

a design principle in which objects are responsible for carrying out system processing

separation of responsibilities

a design principle that recommends segregating classes into separate packages or groupings based on a primary focus of processing responsibility

protection from variations

a design principle in which parts of a system that are unlikely to change are segregated from those that will

indirection

a design principle in which an intermediate class is placed between two classes to decouple them but still link them

coupling

a qualitative measure of how closely the classes in a design class diagram are linked

cohesion

a qualitative measure of the focus or unity of purpose within a single class

use case realization

the process of elaborating the detailed design with interaction diagrams for a particular use case

sequence diagram

type of interaction diagram that emphasizes the sequence of messages sent between objects for a specific use case