Medical Imaging Informatics

Health Informatics

Study of the

"acquisition, storage,

retrieval, and use of

health care information

and resources for the

purpose of optimizing

patient care"

Health Informatics

Began in the 1950s

Data

- Base of hierarchy for understanding

informatics

- Represents observations or symbols of

differences in nature

Information

Assigns meaning to

data

Knowledge

Information that can be

justified as being correct

or true

Wisdom

The use of knowledge (critical

thinking) to make sound,

intelligent decisions

Data

Collection of facts in a raw or unorganized form such as numbers or characters

Information

Easier to measure, visualize and analyze data for a specific purpose. This is data tat has been "cleaned". F errors and further processed in a way that makes it easier to measure,visualize, and analyze for a specific purpose. WHO WHAT WHEN WHERE

Knowledge

Connected to other pieces helps us understand how to apply information to achieve our goal.

Wisdom

Is knowledge applied in action. Top of the DIKW hierarchy.

Information Technology

Study of the collection and distribution of information through computers

Level 1

Nonelectric data such as paper forms and handwritten notes

Level 2

Unstructured, viewable electronic data (paper forms

that have been scanned into computer)

Level 3

Structured, viewable electronic data electronically

entered that cannot be computed by other computers

Level 4

Computable electronic data that can be computed by

other computers

Government Accounting Office

There are 4 levels of data in medicine according to ...

4

Healthcare relies on level...

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996

HIPAA

HIPAA

A legislation providing data privacy and security for medical information (accountability)

HIPAA compliance

Is adherence to the physical, administrative, and technical safeguards outlined in HIPAA, which covered entities and business associates must uphold to protect the integrity of protected health information (PHI)

Health Information Technology for Economic & Clinical Health

Act

HITECH

HITECH

Signed into law on February 17, 2009 as a part

of American Recovery and Reinvestment (ARRA)

Act of 2009

Pres. Barack Obama!

Who signed HITECH into law on February 17, 2009 as a part

of American Recovery and Reinvestment (ARRA)

Act of 2009

February 17, 2009

When was HITECH signed into law?

American Recovery and Reinvestment (ARRA)

Act of 2009

HITECH was signed into law as a part of what?

HITECH

to promote the adoption &

Meaningful Use (MU) of Health

Information Technology (HIT)

HITECH

●Addresses privacy & security

concerns associated with the

electronic transmission of health

information, partially through

provisions that strengthen civil &

criminal enforcement of HIPAA

rules.

HITECH

Created primarily to push the

adoption of the Electronic Health

Record (EHR) & supporting

technology.

Meaningful Use (MU)

● A Medicare program that rewards

the use of certified EHRs to

improve patient care

● Providers who follow the

guidelines receive increased

Medicare reimbursements,

increasing profit.

● The guidelines include specific

objectives that must be met, if

not, the provider will be fined.

3

Meaningful Use is implemented in a

phased approach over a series of __

stages

Promotes basic EHR

adoption and data gathering.

Stage 1 of Meaningful Use

Emphasizes care

coordination and exchange of

patient information.

Stage 2 of Meaningful Use

Improves healthcare

outcomes.

Stage 3 of Meaningful Use

Centers for Disease Control and Preventions

(CDC)

Patient data can also be shared with disease registries

such as the _______, public health reporting, or from a general

practitioner physician to a specialist.

2013

HIPAA of 1996 was updated in ______, undergoes

smaller changes every year to better address access

and privacy violations.

Informatics

More interested in information & knowledge where

the focus is on manipulating digitized data

Information Technology

Deals mostly with data and focus on technology

associated with the handling of data such as

hardware, software, data algorithms, and the

searching & sorting of data

Informatics

those involving

meaningful data

(information) & the

relationships between

data (mortality & a

certain drug)

IT/ Computer Science

those concerning

isolated data

Electronic Health Record (EHR)

Removes some limitations of handwritten record such

as readability, efficiency, productivity, quality of

care, and patient safety.

Computerized Medical Record

CMR

Electronic Clinical Information System

ECIS

Computerized Patient Record

CPR

1. Interpreting multiple handwriting styles

2. Offers immediate availability of entered information

3. Easy navigation through the patient's record

4. Needs no staff to pull the record

5. Reduces duplication of orders

6. Can provide reminders for tests or preventive services

EHR eliminates the issue of:

Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS), Patient List & Registries, Electronic Calculations

Major component of an EHR:

Clinical Decision Support System

CDSS

CDSS

● Software designed to help

clinicians make decisions

by drawing from a large

database to generate

patient assessments.

1. Patient Tracking

2. Medications

3. Patient Order Protocols

4. Reminders

5. Differential Diagnoses

6. Radiology Exam

7. Laboratory Tests

8. Public Health Alerts

CDSS database provide extensive information on: (8)

Patient list & registries

● Tracking patient information can be

particularly important for patients who have

progressive diseases such as heart disease,

cancer & diabetes.

● Tracking vital signs electronically gives more

accurate, consistent, comparative information

Electronic Calculations

- calculation of potential risks

Diagnosis, patient age, associated risks

Patient risk can be determined by entering ...

1. Elder Risk Assessment (ERA)

2. Hierarchical Condition Category(HCC)

Patient Risk can be determined by entering

• Diagnosis, Patient Age and Associated Risks

Then choosing a large database such as:

Reduction of one-on-one interactions

Disadvantage of an EHR

Software calculators

are available to determine

patient risk for disease & medication compatibility

Patient Registries

are streamlining disease statistics

& transplant protocols