Kolokwium 1 cz.1

commercial bank

a bank with branches in many different places that offers services to people and businesses, for example, keeping money in accounts and lending money

hedge fund

a type of investment that can make a lot of profit but involves a large risk

investment bank

a bank that helps companies sell and buy shares, or helps them buy other companies or merge (= join together) with each other

Islamic bank

banking system which is in agreement with the spirit, ethos and value system of Islam and governed by the principles laid down by Islamic Sharia

non-bank financial intermediarie

an organization that makes loans, sells financial products, etc

private bank

a bank that provides financial advices and services for people who have a lot of money

stockbroker

a person or company that buys and sells stocks and shares for other people

deposit

money placed in a bank

a loan

an amount of money that is borrowed and has to be repaid usually with extra charge

share certificates

certificates representing part-ownership of a company

a bond

an official paper given by the government or a company to show that you have lent them money that they will pay back to you at a particular interest rate

a merger

when one company combines with another one

aquisition

a transaction in which one company purchases most or all of another company’s shares

holdings

all the investments owned by an individual or organization

capital gains

the profits made on investments

to bankrupt

unable to pay debts or continue to do business

deregulation

the ending or relaxing of legal restrictions

conglomerate

a group of companies, operating in different fields, which have joined together

interest

the price paid for borrowing money, paid to the lenders

credit rating

estimates of people's ability to fulfil their financial commitments

default

failure to repay a loan

collateralize

to give property or sth as guarantee of payment

cash flow

the amount of money moving into and out of a business

write off

cancel a bad debt or a worthless asset from an account

competetive advantage

what an organization can do better than its competitors

sustainable

Able to continue over a period of time

sales forecast

the sales businesses expect to achieve in a particular period of time

break-even point

Where total costs equal total income from sales and the company makes neither a profit nor a loss

revenue

The total income received by a business before any expenses are paid

exit strategy

an investor’s plan for getting their investment back and potentially realizing a profit

founders

the people who establish a company or other organization

personnel

The people who are employed in an organization

business model

a description of how a business or organization plans to make money

Uberisation

the process of changing the market for a service by using mobile technology

commission

company’s percentage of the price paid by the user

gig economy

an economy that is promoting self-employed workers and temporary jobs

crowdfunding

the practice of getting a large number of people to each give small amounts of money in order to provide the finance for a project, typically using the internet

to make somebody indignant

to make somebody angry because sth is not fair

bias

unfair prejudiced judgement

peas and cauliflower

something similar

sentience

being able to express feelings

to be at the forefront of sth

to be in a leading position

take something in

to understand sth

staggering

very shocking

persist

continue despite difficulties

take time off

to stop working due to taking care of for example health

all-consuming

demands all your energy

upskilling

learning new skills to remain competitive in the workforce

hold back

prevent them from progressing

surpass

go beyond sth

augmentation

the process of enhancing human abilities with technology

hype

intense promotion or attention that may not reflect reality

brand image

what people think when they think of a brand

brand loyalty

the degree to which people continue to buy a brand

brand awareness

the degree to which people know about a brand

brand identity

what brand means, represents

brand recognition

the degree to which people recognize a brand

brand equity

the value of a particular brand for the company that makes it

differentiation

when a company designs a product in a way that distinguishes it from competitors' brands and communicates the comparative benefits to customers in its sales

brand positioning

establishing a place of a brand in the minds of target customers relative to comptetition

flagship brand

the most important brand owned by an organization

brand extension

when a company uses an existing brand name for new types of product

brand dilution

making the brand less powerful

to take the leap

to make a risky decision

clunky

uncomfortable to use it