exam 2

which of the following pairs of terms fit together best

ovotestis and hermaphroditism

what is the best description for an endosymbiont that is passed from mother to offspring

a pattern of vertical transmission with selective pressure towards a mutualistic relationship with its host

which of the following is an example of the endosymbiont described above in class

wolbachia

parthogenesis

a species of stick insect that has only females and offspring are nearly genetically idetical to thier mothers

polyphenism

ants with the exact same genetic background can develop into queens workers or soldiers depending on environmental cuesd

diapause

when a cold snap occurs in the springs many caterpillars are able to greatly slow down theri metabolism and just wait unitl temp increases

multivoltine

monarch butterflies go through many generations each year as they migrate north in the spring and then south in the fall

polyembyrony

a female wasp lays a single egg on a host caterpillar but several genetically identical larvae hatch from the egg

what is the main advantage of asexual reproduction

rapid popualtion growth because there are no individuals producing only sperm gametes

what is the main disadvantage of asexual reproduction

decreased genetic diveristy among the population due to no meiotic recombination

a SILVERFISH species that uses an ANT colony for refuge from predators, studies show that colonies wihtout silverfish are just as productive as those with silverfish

commensalism

leaf cutter ANTS raise a particular type of FUNGUS that provides all food for the colony

mutualism 1

some PLANTS create a chemical signal that calls in WASPS that laye eggs on herbivores eating the plants

mutualism 2

some FLOWERS create a noxious scent that mimic rotting flesh this attracts FLIES that then pollinate these flowers

antagonism 1

some plants create a chemical signsl that calls in WASPS that lay eggs on HERBIVORES eating the plants

antagonism 2

what was the species that was extipated from the lord howe island but then a small populaiton was rediscovered on balls pyrimd a small iselt nearby

lord how island stick insect

which of the follwoing is NOT a strategy that insecrs use to survive periods of cold

homeothermy

apod

drosphila melanogaster, fruit fly

polypod

physonata alutacea mexican olive turtoise bettle

oligopod

manducta sexta hornworm moth

no larvae

periplaneta americana, american roach

which of the following is not an insect order with eusocial systems

mantodea (praying mantids)

which of the following is most likey the least importatn trait that contributes to the evolution of social and eusocial systems

cold avoidance

which of the following castes are found in ALL eusocial insects

reproductives

workers

what was the ancestral form of insect larval development

short germ band development where the developing head is patterned first and then segments are patterend incrementally towards the posterior end as cells proliferate

which group of social insects has a systme of sex determination most similar mammals

termites

during embryological developemtn insect embryos move from an arched back position to a fetal postion, what is this term

katatrepsis

which of the following relationships is most likely to result in cospeciation

a mutualistic endosymbiont that has vertical transmission

Which of the following best explains the evolution of eusociality in the Hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps)

It has evolved many different times within this group due to the high degree of relatedness amongst sisters. This is caused by a haplodiploid form of reproduction

which of the following is the most important factor in the ability of termites to take advantgae of wood as a primary source of energy

they have mutualistic gut microbes that help them access the carbohydrated and protiens in wood that are difficult to enzymatically break down

“Bt cotton” comprises the majority of cotton grown today. What is the distinguishing feature of Bt cott

It is a transgenic organism and has a bacterial gene inserted into its genome

Why might a bacterial, or fungal biocontrol agent be a better approach than a chemical pesticid

More species specific

Less long-term residue in the enviroment

More cost effective

All of the above

Why is reproductive manipulation an advantage for some endosymbionts

They are transmitted vertically from mother to offspring

Most obligate symbionts have greatly reduced genomes. Which of the following is a force that helps to explain this reduction in genome size?

horizontal gene transder to the hosts genome

The study of bacterial symbionts in insects is of interest to people studying the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria because there are some eukaryotic organisms that have lost their chloroplasts and mitochondria and the bacterial symbionts in insects can serve as a model system

false

Wolbachia bacteria have complex interactions with their various insect hosts. Some are best categorized as mutualists, others as antagonists, and others may be in a gray area where ecological interactions are difficult to categorize

true

Most pollination interactions between plants and insects can best be classified as a _________ interaction

mutualistic

Some pitcher plants have evolved away from an antagonistic relationship with insects. Which of the following observations would provide evidence that a pitcher plant fell into this category

a small ecosystem of living insects in its reservoir of water

gall

cynips quercusfolii is a wasp that lays its eggs in oak leaves the oak forms a structure around the wasp larvae that protects and feeds it during developement

monophage

pipevine swallowtails always lay their eggs on one plant and the larvae rely completely on theri leaves for al their nutrition

phytotelmata

bromeliads are plants that have small pool of water and can act as a mini aquat

myrmecochory

acacia extensa is a species of tree that generates seeds with special handles that help ants pick them up some stick insect eggs mimic seeds and also benefit from this behavior

Which of the following is the best description of the relationship between Blattodea (roaches) and Isoptera (termites)

ttermites are a highly specialized, eusocial branch of Blattodea and should not be considered as a separate group.

Which of the following is a false statement about carnivorous pla

Some have specialized nerve cells that allow for the rapid closing of their traps.

Members of which of the following orders of insects have piercing mouthparts and feed exclusively on fluids

hemiptera (true bugs)

mantophasmatodea “heel walkers”

the most recently described order of insects witha. range restricted to southern africa

mantodea “praying mantids”

this order is strictly carnivorous

plecoptera “stoneflies”

this order would be best bioindicator for freshwater stream

embioptera “webspinners”

builds its own refuge females are wingless and males have wings

you notice a domatia structure on a plant which of the following is the best statement regarding this situation

the plant and the insects inside the domatia have a mutualisitc relationship