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volcano
a rupture in the earth’s crust
located along earth’s boundaries
magma
molten rock found within the earth
lava
molten rock released from the earth’s mantle
convergent plate
earth’s plates moves toward eachother
divergent plate
earth’s plates move away from each other
main vent
the channel magma travels through to reach earth’s surface
magma chamber
a storage location of molten rock below the ground
crater
the top of the volcano where magma erupts
composite volcano
they have viscous lava that is acidic
they erupt violently
they have steep sides
they are located on convergent plate boundaries
shield volcano
the lava is runny and not acidic
they have gentle sides
they have less violent eruptions
they are located on divergent plate boundaries
lava flow
a mass of magma that flows down the slope of the volcano at a rate of 3 Km per day or 45 km per hour
volcanic gases
one of the basic components of magma or lava
water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide etc.
pyroclastic flow
refers to hot, dry masses of fragmented volcanic materials that move along the slope and the ground surface at a speed greater than 60 Km per hour
this flows from a collapsed eruption column or lava done
are turbulent low-concentration density current gases, rock debris, water that move above the ground surface at high velocities
tephra falls
are showers of fine to coarse-grained volcanic materials and other airborne products of a volcanic eruption
<2 mm diameter - ash
2-64mm diameter - lapilli
>64mm diameter - blocks and bombs
ballistic projectiles
are rocks that are released into the air by an erupting volcano
these land between 2 Km of the vent but cant travel as far as 5 Km or further if the eruption is very explosive
lahar
is a flowing mixture of volcanic debris and water
primary lahar or hot lahar - associated directly with volcanic eruption
secondary or cold lahar - caused by heavy rainfall
volcanic debris avalanche
landslides that occur in volcanic slopes; they are faster and deposits are more far-reaching compared to non-volcanic landslides