DRRR volcanic hazards (ppt ver)

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17 Terms

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volcano

  • a rupture in the earth’s crust

  • located along earth’s boundaries

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magma

molten rock found within the earth

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lava

molten rock released from the earth’s mantle

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convergent plate

earth’s plates moves toward eachother

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divergent plate

earth’s plates move away from each other

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main vent

the channel magma travels through to reach earth’s surface

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magma chamber

a storage location of molten rock below the ground

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crater

the top of the volcano where magma erupts

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composite volcano

  • they have viscous lava that is acidic

  • they erupt violently

  • they have steep sides

  • they are located on convergent plate boundaries

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shield volcano

  • the lava is runny and not acidic

  • they have gentle sides

  • they have less violent eruptions

  • they are located on divergent plate boundaries

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lava flow

a mass of magma that flows down the slope of the volcano at a rate of 3 Km per day or 45 km per hour

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volcanic gases

  • one of the basic components of magma or lava

  • water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide etc.

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pyroclastic flow

refers to hot, dry masses of fragmented volcanic materials that move along the slope and the ground surface at a speed greater than 60 Km per hour

this flows from a collapsed eruption column or lava done

are turbulent low-concentration density current gases, rock debris, water that move above the ground surface at high velocities

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tephra falls

are showers of fine to coarse-grained volcanic materials and other airborne products of a volcanic eruption

<2 mm diameter - ash

2-64mm diameter - lapilli

>64mm diameter - blocks and bombs

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ballistic projectiles

are rocks that are released into the air by an erupting volcano

these land between 2 Km of the vent but cant travel as far as 5 Km or further if the eruption is very explosive

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lahar

is a flowing mixture of volcanic debris and water

primary lahar or hot lahar - associated directly with volcanic eruption

secondary or cold lahar - caused by heavy rainfall

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volcanic debris avalanche

landslides that occur in volcanic slopes; they are faster and deposits are more far-reaching compared to non-volcanic landslides