Human Body Levels of Organization and Genetic Material

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the levels of organization in the human body, the role of genetic material, and the processes involved in protein synthesis.

Atoms

The smallest particles that link to form molecules.

Molecules

Structures formed by atoms linking together, like water and proteins.

Organelles

Specialized compartments within a cell that isolate chemical processes.

Tissue

Groups of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.

Organ

A structure composed of two or more tissue types.

Organ System

Groups of organs with interrelated functions.

Nervous System

A system responsible for high-speed communication and control.

Endocrine System

A system that uses hormones for slow, long-term regulation.

Respiratory System

The system that handles gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Cell

The basic living unit of the body.

Hierarchy

The organization of the body into levels: atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems.

Genetic Material

Contains the DNA that directs cellular functions, shaping growth and response.

Protein

Large molecules made of hundreds of atoms, whose function relates to their specific structure.

Transcription

The process where the cell 'reads' DNA to make a copy.

Translation

The process where the cell uses a copy of DNA to build proteins by linking amino acids.

Function Follows Form

The principle that a protein's function is determined by its specific structure.

Which base pairs with guanine (G)?

Cytosine (C)

Which base pairs with adenine (A) in DNA?

Thymine (T)

Which base pairs with adenine (A) in RNA?

Uracil (U)

Which RNA carries the genetic code for making proteins?

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Which RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome?

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Which RNA makes up the ribosome?

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

What process makes RNA from DNA?

Transcription

During transcription, RNA is built using what?

A DNA template strand

DNA template: C A T T G

What is the RNA complement?

G U A A C

Which sugar is found in DNA?

Deoxyribose

Which sugar is found in RNA?

Ribose

If a sample contains deoxyribose, it is…

a DNA sample.

Which membrane proteins move water- soluble substances across the membrane?

Transport proteins, such as channel and carrier proteins.