Personal Health: chapter 6 and 7

Which of the following are consequences that can come from violating sexuality norms?

emotional

psychological 

social

In the past, the term sex referred to which of the following?

the different sexes

sexuality

Which of the following are true statements regarding sexual identity of the human brain?

Our brains are changing in response to what we experience, especially socially.

Brains are not fixed at birth but are highly plastic.

Humans are not born with either female or male brains.

Most sex organs develop from ____ tissues and fulfill similar functions.

homologous

Ovaries in females and testes in males are classified as:

gonads

Which of the following are aspects of our understanding of human sexuality?

It is culturally significant.

It is generally viewed as natural.

It is rooted in biological capacities and motivations.

The ______ consists of a glans and a spongy tissue that fills with blood during female sexual excitement

clitoris

Scientists now understand that human cultures, not nature, create the ____ roles and ideologies that go along with being born biologically male or female, and the ideologies vary widely across cultures.

gender

One's ______ is determined by how a person sees themselves along spectrum of non-biologically rooted aspects of being male or female.

gender identity

What are some reasons given for why many cultures seek to control female sexuality?

Populations cannot survive without reproducing.

Reproduction requires women to bear children.

Which of the following are external structures of the male reproductive system?

penis

scrotum

Only a normal embryo with an XY chromosomes (male) has gonads.

False

The anatomical structures of the ______ include the mons pubis, labia minora and majora, clitoris, urethral opening, and vaginal opening.

vulva

Which statement accurately defines puberty?

Puberty is a biological process that brings about changes in male and female bodies and in their reproductive cycles.

In the past, the term sex referred to which of the following?

sexuality

the different sexes

Which of the following are given as factors for how women experience menopause?

education

marital status 

diet, smoking, and exercise

overall attitude 

Some researchers estimate that at least ______ of all births in the United States have an intersex condition. 

2%

The penis consists of ______ that becomes engorged with blood during sexual excitement.

spongy tissue

Sexual fantasies may involve scenarios a person has no desire to experience in real life for which of the following reasons?

They are taboo.

They are dangerous.

They are scary.

Which of the following are examples sex-related traits that emerge during puberty and that show variability among males and females?

presence of body hair

height

Which of the following are possible symptoms of menopause?

mood changes

thinning hair

hot flashes

Klinefelter syndrome

two or more X chromosomes in addition to a Y chromosome, although not always in all cells

Turner syndrome

a single complete X chromosome and is missing part or all of a second X chromosome, at least in some cells

Which of the following are the physiological mechanisms related to most bodily reactions to sexual arousal and orgasm?

vasocongestion

muscular tension

Sexual fantasy refers to which of the following?

imagined erotic activity

Sexual dysfunction includes changes to which of the following?

performance

desire

satisfaction

Which of the following are things that express someone's gender role? 

speech patterns

dress

mannerisms

Over ______ countries have legally recognized and awarded rights, to varying degrees, to transgender individuals. These may include formally identifying as neither male nor female

20

When sexually stimulated, both men and women respond with a predictable set of physiological:

processes/mechanisms

Approximately what percentage of the U.S. population identifies as bisexual?

3%

Which of the following can impact sexual dysfunction?

physical conditions

psychological causes

drugs

relationship issues

Which of following best defines the term gender role?

What someone does to express their gender.

Which of the following are examples of gender dysphoria?

a person with ambiguous genitals who are unsure of gender identity

a transgender person who feels prejudice or experiences violence

an adult with a penis who feels more like a woman than a man

Recent research suggests that young people especially are having less sex than ever. 

True

Experts believe that many of us are potentially bisexual.

True

For most people, disabilities that affect mobility will most likely experience permanent obstacles to having and enjoying a full sexual experience.

False

The average age for men to marry in the United States is:

30

Sexual coercion can include which of the following?

verbal and emotional manipulation

unequal power relations

physical force

People with chronic diseases or disabilities often have special needs regarding their sexual behavior. 

True

Which of following best defines the term gender role?

What someone does to express their gender.

Which of the following are acts of responsible sexual behavior?

Respecting the sexual privacy of others, including roommates, friends, and family.

Agreeing on sexual activities that respect comfort levels, preferences, and values of the partners involved.

Clearly stating what sexual involvement means so that partners align on the significance of sexual activity.

Nonconsensual oral, anal, or vaginal sex is usually a definition for ____

rape

Responsible sexual partners will practice safe sex to guard against unwanted ____ and STIs.

pregnancy

Which of the following is the most common treatment for orgasmic dysfunction in women?

masturbation

Men are discouraged from using heating pads and blankets near their groins because

sperm production is a heat-sensitive process

Which of the following terms best describes people who feel their biological sex does not match their gender?

transsexual

Once they reach puberty, teenage boys experience

nocturnal emissions.

A female whose pituitary gland does not produce enough follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is likely to experience which of the following?

low levels of estrogen

Early onset of menarche has been linked to

higher than average weight

What is the correct order of phases in the menstrual cycle?

1) menses, (2) estrogenic phase, (3) ovulation, (4) progestational phase

People have been trying to manage ways of preventing conception for centuries. This practice is called:

contraception

Which of the following are considered modern contraceptives?

intrauterine devices (IUDs)

pills

sterilization

Among the many contraceptive methods available, it is important for each person to consider which attributes they find most important, including:

STI protection

cost of the method

potential health risks

Which of the following statements about sterilization are accurate?

In nearly all cases, sterilization cannot be reversed.

Sterilization is highly effective at preventing pregnancy.

Although the process of male sterilization involves severing the vas deferentia, ______ production from the testes continues.

hormone

Which of the following statements about contraception are true?

People have used contraception for thousands of years.

There are many options for contraception

_____ methods of contraception rely on knowledge about reproductive physiology and the menstrual cycle to determine when sex is least likely to result in a pregnancy.

Behavioral

Which of the following are important considerations for a couple when selecting a form of contraception?

any potential noncontraceptive benefits from the method

ease of obtaining the product

potential health risks from the contraceptive method

Which one of the following is the most common method of female sterilization?

cutting or blocking the fallopian tubes

Surgically altering the male or female reproductive system to prevent pregnancy is called:

sterilization

After vasectomy, male physiological functions that remain the same include:

hormone production

semen production

Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods are highly effective.

True

People have been trying to manage ways of preventing conception for centuries. This practice is called:

contraception

Which of the following statements regarding the use and maintenance of IUDs are correct?

An IUD must be inserted or removed by a trained professional.

Most types primarily work by preventing fertilization.

How do contraceptive implants work to prevent pregnancy?

They affect development of the uterine lining.

They thicken the cervical mucus.

They impede ovulation.

Which of the following are included in the procedure of tubal ligation?

The procedure is performed in a hospital and takes about 30 minutes.

A laparoscope is inserted through a small abdominal incision.

The surgeon must locate the fallopian tubes.

Birth control methods that must be taken action on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis are referred to as short-acting _____ contraceptives.  

reversible

Which of the following are examples of reversible contraception?

implants

intrauterine devices

The most commonly used form of oral contraception is the combination pill, which contains:

both estrogen and progestin

Which of the following statements regarding intrauterine devices are true?

ParaGard lasts up to 12 years.

Mirena is an IUD that releases synthetic progestin.

ParaGard is an IUD that is nonhormonal.

Contraceptive implants are characterized by which of the following?

They are placed in the upper arm.

They deliver a dose progestin.

Since it contains just one hormone that primarily acts as barrier, the progestin-only pill is sometimes called the _____

minipill

Short-acting methods of birth control include which of the following?

oral contraceptives

Which of the following statements regarding the contraceptive skin patch are true?

The patch releases estrogen and progestin.

If the patch falls off for more than one day, a new patch should be started.

The patch works to prevent pregnancy just as the pill does.

A traditional combination pill regimen consists of 21 "active" pills that contain hormones and 7 "______" pills that do not.

placebo

Which of the following statements regarding the vaginal contraceptive ring are correct?

Annovera is the current brand on the market.

If the ring has been removed for more than 3 hours, a back-up contraception method is needed.

Which of the following are disadvantages of the progestin-only pill?

consistency is important or there is a risk of pregnancy

irregular bleeding

periods may not follow a regular pattern

The contraceptive skin patch, Ortho Evra, is typically worn on which of the following areas of the body?

buttocks

abdomen

upper, outer arm

Which of the following are characteristics of the vaginal contraceptive ring?

It slowly releases hormones and maintains blood hormone levels.

The ring prevents pregnancy in the same way as oral contraceptives.

An IUD is a plastic device inserted into the ______ as a contraceptive.

uterus

Which of these statements regarding injectable contraceptives are correct?

The first injectable contraceptive approved for use in the United States was Depo-Provera.

They offer protection against unwanted pregnancy for about 12 weeks.

Male condoms are usually made of ______, and they protect against sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancy.

latex

Which of these guidelines for maximizing the effectiveness a female condom are correct?

Take care not to tear the condom during insertion or use.

After intercourse, remove the condom before standing.

Which of the following statements regarding the contraceptive skin patch are true?

The patch releases estrogen and progestin.

The patch works to prevent pregnancy just as the pill does.

If the patch falls off for more than one day, a new patch should be started.

Depo-Provera, the first injectable contraceptive approved for use in the United States, prevents pregnancy by: 

preventing ovulation

Which of the statements regarding male condoms are correct?

Condoms offer protection against most STDs.

Condoms are the most commonly used barrier method contraceptive in the United States.

Which of the statements below about the diaphragm are correct?

The device works to prevent sperm from entering the uterus.

Women must be fitted for the Milex device by a health care professional.

Which of the following statements about the female condom are true?

One size fits all.

It may be inserted up to 8 hours before intercourse.

How many hours may a cervical cap be left in place?

48

The contraceptive sponge comes presaturated with:

spermicide

Which of the following can carry or deliver a vaginal spermicide?

VCF

suppositories

foam

A contraceptive device consisting of a flexible, dome-shaped cup that covers the cervix and prevents sperm from entering the uterus is a:

diaphragm

Throughout history people have abstained from sexual intercourse for which of the following reasons?

religious or moral beliefs

lack of other available contraceptive methods

concern about STIs

The high failure rate of the withdrawal method is due in part to the fact that a man's preejaculatory fluid may contain viable ______ that can result in pregnancy.

sperm

Studies indicate that the average failure rate for the cervical cap is ______ for women who have never had a child and ______for women who have had a child

16%; 32%

What are distinguishing characteristics of the contraceptive sponge?

It is made of polyurethane.

It is water activated.

It acts as a seminal-fluid absorbent.

What features are common to most vaginal spermicides?

Additional doses must be administered for each act of intercourse.

Spermicide should be placed deep in the vagina near the cervical entrance.

The effectiveness of the spermicides decreases greatly after an hour.

Which of the following are reasons people choose abstinence?

concern about STIs

concern about unwanted pregnancy

concern about side effects from contraceptive use

The fertile phase for women is considered the 5 days after ovulation and 24 hours before.

False

The withdrawal method of contraception is also known as:

coitus interruptus