apush amsco vocab 7.2-7.3

william h seward

senator of NY; antislavery and argued that God's moral law was higher than the constitution, bought alaska

Monroe Doctrine

an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

purchase of alaska

In December, 1866, the U.S. offered to take Alaska from Russia. Russia was eager to give it up, as the fur resources had been exhausted, and, expecting friction with Great Britain, they preferred to see defenseless Alaska in U.S. hands. Called "Seward's Folly" and "Seward's Icebox", the purchase was made in 1867 for $7,200,000 and gave the U.S. Alaska's resources of fish, timber, oil and gold.

hawaii

pacific islands, first got pearl harbor for coaling station

Queen Liliuokalani

the Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests

Grover Cleveland

22nd and 24th president, Democrat, Honest and hardworking, fought corruption, vetoed hundreds of wasteful bills, achieved the Interstate Commerce Commission and civil service reform, violent suppression of strikes

James G. Blaine

Charming but corrupt "Half-Breed" Republican senator and presidential nominee in 1884

Pan-American Conference

this was an international organization that dealt with trade; organized by james blaine; created to encourage cooperation and trust with the manufacturers

Richard Olney

Attorney General of the U.S., he obtained an active injunction that state union members couldn't stop the movement of trains. He moved troops in to stop the Pullman strike.

Venezuela Border Dispute

between Venezuela and British Ghana over gold found on their undifined border, US goes to arbritrate the boundry and Eng wins

New Imperialism

The late-nineteenth-century drive by European countries to create vast political empires abroad.

Alfred Thayer Mahan

US Admiral who encouraged the US to strengthen its naval power to become a world power. the influence of sea power upon history

darwinism

The doctrine that natural selection has been the prime cause of evolution of higher forms.

expansionists

people who favored territorial growth

Josiah Strong

author of Our Country, on Anglo-Saxon superiority; a popular American minister in the late 1800s who linked Anglo-Saxonism to Christian missionary ideas

jingoism

extreme, chauvinistic patriotism, often favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policy

Cuban Revolt

In 1895, Cuban nationalists sabotaged and laid waste to Cuban plantations. Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler who put civilians into armed camps where many died.

Yellow Journalism

journalism that is based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration.

De Lome Letter

The Spanish ambassador insults President McKinley in this document; accused America of being weak

sinking of the maine

US Ship docked in Cuba that exploded...pushed the US over the edge and declared war against Spanish

Teller Amendment

Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war

Splendid Little War

Nickname for Spanish American war coined by Hay, indicative of US attitude and cockiness

Philippines

Spanish colony in the Pacific whom the US helped free from the Spanish, but soon after took as their own colony, manila

george dewey

U.S. naval commander who led the American attack on the Philippines

rough riders

Volunteer regiment of US Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War

Puerto Rico

wanted by us and given control in conflict in cuba

guam

Americans secured this remote Pacific island from Spain after the war over Cuba. Americans had captured it earlier, before the residents even knew that there was a war going on.

Treaty of Paris 1898

The treaty that concluded the Spanish American War

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901.

Anti-Imperialist League

objected to the annexation of the Philippines and the building of an American empire. Idealism, self-interest, racism, constitutionalism, and other reasons motivated them, but they failed to make their case; the Philippines were annexed in 1900

insular cases

These were court cases dealing with islands/countries that had been recently annexed and demanded the rights of a citizen. These Supreme Court cases decided that the Constitution did not always follow the flag, thus denying the rights of a citizen to Puerto Ricans and Filipinos.

Platt Amendment

Allowed the United States to intervene in Cuba and gave the United States control of the naval base at Guantanamo Bay.

John Hay

Was the Secretary of State in 1899; dispatched the Open Door Notes to keep the countries that had spheres of influence in China from taking over China and closing the doors on trade between China and the U.S.

spheres of influence

a region dominated and controlled by an outside power

Open Door Policy

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Boxer Rebellion

1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops.

big stick policy

Roosevelt's philosophy - In international affairs, ask first but bring along a big army to help convince them. Threaten to use force, act as international policemen

Theodore Roosevelt

1858-1919. 26th President. Increased size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". Added Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. "Big Stick" policy. Received Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-Japanese war. Later arbitrated split of Morocco between Germany and France.

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903)

granted the US the right to build a canal (Colombia protested, but building continued)

panama canal

a ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States (1904-1914)

Santo Dominigo

Dominican Republic

Roosevelt Corollary

Addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserting America's right to intervene in Latin American affairs

Russo-Japanese War

(1904-1905) War between Russia and Japan over imperial possessions. Japan emerges victorious.

Treaty of Portsmouth

1905 treaty between Russia and Japan ending the Russo-Japanese War

Segregated Schools

Schools in the south were being divided by race.

Gentlemen's Agreement

Agreement when Japan agreed to curb the number of workers coming to the US and in exchange Roosevelt agreed to allow the wives of the Japenese men already living in the US to join them

great white fleet

16 American battleships, painted white, sent around the world to display American naval power

Root-Takahira Agreement

Agreement between US and Japan officially recognizing the territorial sovereignty of each nation

Noble Peace Prize (1906)

Teddy Roosevelt received this award for his global peace keeping efforts

Algeciras Conference

In 1906, this conference held after the First Moroccan Crisis in which the dispute between Germany and France over control of Morocco was settled. (p. 420)

international peace conference

1907, discussed rules for limiting warfare

William Howard Taft

27th president of the U.S.; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term.

Dollar Diplomacy

the use of a country's financial power to extend its international influence.

railroads in china

Taft succeeded in securing American participation in agreement in 1911 to buy railroads in China with Germany and France, US was excluded from buying railroads in Manchuria because of joint agreement between Russia and Japan, direct defiance of Open Door Policy

manchuria

chinas northern province

intervention in Nicaragua

In 1912, President Taft sent military troops here when a civil war broke out. (p. 420)

Anti-Imperialists

those who opposed annexation of the Phillipines, declaring it unconstitutional to do so.

Woodrow Wilson

28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize

William Jennings Bryan

United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925)

jones act

1916 - Promised Philippine independence. Given freedom in 1917, their economy grew as a satellite of the U.S. Filipino independence was not realized for 30 years.

Conciliation treaties

Wilson's commitment to democracy was shared by Bryan, project to negotiate treaties in which nations pledged to submit disputes to international commissions and observe a one-year cooling-off period before taking military action

military intervention

President Woodrow Wilson used military action to influence Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. (p. 423)

Pancho Villa

A popular leader during the Mexican Revolution of 1910. An outlaw in his youth, when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless in collaboration with Emiliano Zapata.

John J. Pershing

US general who chased Villa over 300 miles into Mexico but didn't capture him

expeditionary force

The name given to the group sent to capture Pancho Villa in Mexico. (p. 423)