The single channel hypothesis, Schema and information processing

What does the single channel hypothesis state

This hypothesis states that stimuli can only be processed one at a time. => Therefore, a second stimulus must wait until the first has been processed

=> Any following stimuli must also wait to be processed

the second stimuli must wait to be processed

What is the psychological refractory period

This explains the delay that occurs because we can only process one

stimulus at a time.

What is the schema theory

Theory suggests that to perform a skill we need 3 things

1. A generalised motor programme

2. Recall schema = simple pieces of information used to adjust the generalised motor programme => the recall schema = based on initial conditions + results generate a motor program to address a new goal

What conditions are needed

Initial conditions

1. Where is the goal, opposition, teammates

2. What is the environment like: astro, grass, wet or dry, wind

3. What condition am I in? fresh, tired, injured

What are the response recognitions

1. How fast do I need to go

2. Where do I pass the ball

3. How hard do I kick the ball

4. Which techniques will produce the best results

 

What is recognition schema

based on sensory actions and the outcome to correct or alter a response the athlete needs to know;

response outcomes

sensory consequences

What are response outcomes

from the knowledge of results => success/failure

What are sensory consequences

how did it look (extrinsic feedback), how did it feel (intrinsic feedback)

• E.g. when a longer pass is needed to move the ball up the court the arm action would need to be stronger and have a firmer grip 

What are the strategies used to improves information processing

Chunking = info. Can be stored in the memory easily if the info. Is broken down into small pieces => relevant info can be focused

Chaining = coach = linking info together to give to the performer => first part of the task is presented before going on to subsequent movement elements => useful for serial skills

Rewards = extrinsic and intrinsic rewards help to motivate the performer to want to remember correct actions

Repetition = repeated practice programmes in the LTM