WW2

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Nicest guy you’ll ever meet (according to Hobbs); led the middle route of Operation Torch; Quietly got things done; he became a general and organized D

Franklin D. Roosevelt

President from 1933 to 1945, only president to do this; used radio to campaign; liked his cousin (theodore roosevelt)

Rosie the Riveter

a cartoon to rally women into the workforce

Norman Rockwell

Made political cartoons, such as the Four Freedoms (speech, worship, from want, from fear) to purchase bonds; also made Rosie the Riveter

Douglas MacArthur

Commander in the southern campaign in the Philippines (island hopping), went once and had to retreat and said “I shall return”, characterized by his corn cob pipe and Ray Ban Aviator sunglasses, was liked by the Japanese

Chester Nimitz

from Fredericksburg, Overall allied commander in the Pacific, commanded the battle of Midway, along with Tarawana, Kwajalein, Saipan, Guam, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa

Isoroku Yamamoto

was the only one opposed to attacking US, “I fear we will only be waking a sleeping giant”, made the Pearl Harbor plans

Vernon Baker

first black man to earn medal of honor, was awarded in 1990s

Woody Guthrie

30s musician, communist, this land is your land, didn’t want the war until ‘42 when Russia got invaded by germany, “This machine kills fascists”

Attack on Pearl Harbor: Was thought that U.S. would back down after, didn’t happen, Japan woke a sleeping giant; zero aircraft carriers were destroyed

Bank Holiday: FDR did it to restore faith in the banking system;

Bataan Death March: POWs marched around the city and if one of them was slow they were killed

Battle of Midway: Turning point of the war in the pacific, U.S. won because they cracked the Japanese code and the Yorktown carrier returned to battle; target AF

Battle of the Coral Sea: Battle where the two fleets never saw each other; it was a tactical victory for Japan since they drove out the US, but it was a strategic success for the US because Japanese had to not invade Southern New Guinea; One American carrier, Lexington, was lost and another, Yorktown, was badly damaged and then limped to Pearl Harbor to be fixed

Code Talkers: made a code using the Navajo language; 29 navajo men

D

Day: Invasion of Normandy; Decision Day; Operation Overlord; thought as a calendar (7 days before would be when the date was known); the left two deployments, Utah and Omaha were US deployments

Double V Campaign: V for Victory over racism abroad; V for Victory over racism at home

Dust Bowl: made it hard for crops to grow, land depleted, animals ate what was left, farmers had to move to the city, made it hard to get fruits and vegetables, made the depression even more difficult to overcome

Executive Order #9066: Relocated all Japanese Americans further inland into relocation centers

Fat Man and Little Boy: atomic bombs; little boy over Hiroshima; Fat Man over Nagasaki; caused extreme loss of life and damage

FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporations; created by the Glass Steagall Act; insures up to 250k of a person’s money in a bank if the money is lost

Fireside Chats: Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) talked on the radio; #1 on March 1933

announced the “bank holiday” (from the Emergency Relief Banking act) and calmed fears of depression, talked about how banks work

Four Freedoms: Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Worship, Freedom from Want; Freedom from Fear; Norman Rockwell made it; it was made to encourage people to purchase war bonds

Hundred days legislation: what FDR did for his first 100 days in office; included the Emergency Relief Banking Act, Glass Steagall Act, Securities Act (Regulate Wall St. Trading), Emergency Conservation Works Act (jobs program associated with Conservationism), Agricultural Adjustment Act (destroys supply), Tennessee Valley Authority Act (to provide flood control, hydroelectric power, and jobs), National Industrial Recovery Act (Title 1: establishes industry codes and price controls; Title 2: establishes the Public works Admin. [SCOTUS declares title 1 unconstitutional])

series E savings bonds: sold for as little as $18.75; matured in ten years; at maturity, the government paid the bondholder $25; became known as war bonds; 85 million Americans purchased these, raised $185.7 billion for the US government.

Island Hopping: waterborne version of Blitzkrieg; single out one island and cut it off from the island chain

Korematsu v. US: A case that was questioning if executive order 9066 was constitutional or not; the order was held up

Manhattan Project: the atomic weapons were made and tested in New Mexico with the Demon Core

New Deal: Social Security Act (1935); Takes money out of pay checks and into a giant retirement fund, which is disbursed to citizens at age 65

Operation Avalanche: Allied Invasion into Italy

Operation Barbarossa: June 22, 1941; German Invasion into Russia

Operation Downfall: Allied invasion of the Island of Japan; people questioned if that was the best option; never happened because of the Atomic bombs

Operation Fortitude: The diversion plan of the Invasion of Normandy; Patton helped set it up; involved inflatable tanks in Dover in England; this made it look like the Allied forces were going to Calais (what Hitler already expected)

Operation Husky: Allied Invasion into Sicily

Operation Meetinghouse: 279 B

29 planes dropped 3 million pounds of bombs on Tokyo; the city was made of wood, as a result, one big, roaring fire occurred; led to a firestorm (oxygen sucked in and hot air blown out, vaporizing everything in its path); 83 k killed on one night, 100 k injured

Operation Overlord: Invasion of Normandy

Operation Torch: US Invasion of North Africa; Luke

Warm resistance because the Nazi

Tennessee Valley Authority: Gave energy through hydroelectric dams in the Tennessee Valley, established during the Great Depression

USS Yorktown: got badly damaged, returned to Pearl Harbor and dry docked to get fixed in three days, went back on the ocean to the battle of Midway, made the difference in the war, was damaged again but before it could arrive back to Pearl Harbor it got a final bomb from a stray Japanese plane and sank to the bottom of the ocean