AP U.S. History Period 6: 1865-1898

These flashcards cover key concepts, events, and legislation from Period 6 of AP U.S. History, focusing on the era of Industrialization and its social, economic, and political implications.

Gilded Age

The period of economic expansion after the Reconstruction, marked by a rise in wealth among a few and significant economic disparity.

Robber Barons

Owners of big businesses during the Gilded Age, often criticized for exploiting workers and monopolizing industries.

Jacob Riis

A journalist who documented the living conditions of the poor in urban areas in his book 'How the Other Half Lives'.

Mechanzation of Agriculture

The shift in farming practices during Period 6 that included the use of machinery to increase efficiency.

New South

A movement advocating for industrialization and modernization in the southern United States, post-Civil War.

Sharecropping

An economic system dominating the South during the 'New South' era, involving farmers working land owned by others in exchange for a share of the crops.

Immigration Impact

A major demographic shift during Period 6, leading to a dramatic increase in urban populations.

Jim Crow Laws

State laws enacted to enforce racial segregation and limit African American rights following Reconstruction.

National Grange

A farmers' organization founded in 1867 that sought to promote collective action and advocate for the interests of farmers.

Plessy v. Ferguson

The 1896 Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

Bessemer Process

An innovation that significantly reduced the cost of steel production and contributed to industrial growth.

Haymarket Riot

A labor protest in 1886 that turned violent when a bomb was thrown, leading to a backlash against labor movements.

Knights of Labor

A labor organization founded in 1869 that welcomed all workers, regardless of race, gender, or skill level, aiming for broad social reforms.

Settlement Houses

Community centers that provided education, social services, and support to immigrants and the poor in urban areas.

Chinese Exclusion Act

An 1882 law that prohibited Chinese labor immigration for ten years and was made permanent until repealed in 1943.

People's Party

A political party formed by farmers in response to economic hardships, advocating for reforms like a graduated income tax and government regulation.

Social Darwinism

The belief system that proposed that social stratification arises from the inherent differences between individuals.

Urbanization

The movement of populations from rural areas to cities, largely driven by industrialization.

Philanthropy during Gilded Age

The practice where wealthy individuals felt a sense of obligation to improve society through charitable efforts.

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

A labor union formed in 1886 that focused on skilled workers and aimed for higher wages and better working conditions.