Academic Mid Term

Which term refers to the accumulated effect of one's actions, which determines their destiny in future lives?

Karma

Actions affecting future lives are called what?

Karma

What is the concept of escaping the cycle of rebirth and achieving ultimate peace in Hinduism and Buddhism?

Nirvana

In Hinduism, what is the name for the eternal soul or self, which is a part of the universal Brahman?

Atman

What is the continuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, driven by karma, known as?

Samsara

Which set of principles and practices in Buddhism leads to enlightenment and the cessation of suffering?

The Eightfold Path

Freedom from rebirth is called what?

Nirvana

Buddhism’s path to enlightenment is what?

The Eightfold Path

The Hindu soul is called what?

Atman

The cycle of rebirth is called what?

Samsara

Islam's holy book is the:

Quran

The founder of Buddhism was:

Siddhartha Gautama

Which religion celebrates Christmas?

Christianity

The belief in one god is called:

Monotheism

Christianity's holy book is the:

Bible

Judaism's holy book is the:

Torah

The Golden Rule (treat others how you would like to be treated) is a principle found in:

Many religions

Which religion considers Jerusalem a holy city?

Judaism

Ramadan is an important month in which religion?

Islam

Which religion emphasizes the Eightfold Path?

Buddhism

Which religion believes in reincarnation?

Hinduism

The concept of Karma is most closely associated with:

Hinduism

Which religion follows the Five Pillars?

Islam

Which religion celebrates Hanukkah?

Judaism

What is the Jewish day of rest?

Sabbath

The leader of the Catholic Church is the:

Pope

The Hindu creator god is:

Brahma

The leader who gave the Ten Commandments was:

Moses

The oldest monotheistic religion is:

Judaism

The prophet of Islam was:

Muhammad

What was the first stage of training to become a knight?

Page

Defenders used what during sieges?

arrows

What was the ceremony called where a squire became a knight?

Dubbing

What were pages primarily taught in their initial training?

Manners and basic skills

Chivalry emphasized what?

courage

What was a common reward for a knight's service?

Land and titles

At what age did a page typically become a squire?

14

What vows did a knight typically swear to uphold?

Chivalry and loyalty

Tournaments prepared knights for what?

warfare

The Knights Templar were formed to protect what?

pilgrims in the Holy Land

What age did boys typically begin training as a page?

7

Feasts helped knights practice what?

courtly behavior

Besides warfare, what other skills were knights expected to demonstrate?

Horsemanship and diplomacy

What was the primary duty of a squire?

Serve a knight

What weapon were squires trained to use extensively?

Sword

A water barrier around castles was called a what?

moat

A knight in training was called a what?

squire

Castles symbolized military and what power?

political

Knights trained through what means?

page and squire stages

The strongest part of a castle was what?

keep

The Black Death caused widespread _.

death

Castles became less important due to _.

advances in weaponry

Trade led to the growth of the _ class.

merchant

The Black Death spread through infected _.

fleas and rats

Feudalism eventually _.

declined

Towns became centers of _ after the Black Death.

trade

Kings gained power over _ after the weakening of feudalism.

lords

Survivors of the Black Death could demand higher _.

wages

New weapons made knights _.

less important

Fewer workers after the Black Death meant lords lost _.

power

The First Crusade was called by whom?

Pope Urban II

Besides religion, what was another significant motivator for Crusaders?

Wealth

The Crusades ultimately failed militarily in the long term, but weakened what group?

Feudalism

Which Byzantine emperor asked for help that ultimately led to the Crusades?

Alexius I

The Crusades increased what type of interaction between Europe and Asia?

Trade

In what year was Jerusalem captured by the Crusaders during the First Crusade?

1099

Besides goods, the Crusades introduced new what to Europe?

Ideas

Muslims during the Crusades were divided between what two major branches?

Sunni

Crusaders aimed to reclaim what holy city?

Jerusalem

Which Crusade significantly weakened the Byzantine Empire?

The Fourth Crusade

How did the Church’s spiritual authority interplay with its political power?

They were intertwined, influencing each other.

In what areas did the Church wield influence due to its political power?

Law and governance

Which concept accurately describes the Church’s authority in the context of the statement?

A dual authority

Which of the following best describes the dual nature of the Church's power during the period being referenced?

Spiritual and Political

How was the Church's spiritual authority manifested?

Through religious doctrines and influence over believers

The Church's authority was both __ and political.

Spiritual

What kind of power allowed the church to influence the government?

Political

Besides spiritual authority, what other type of authority did the Church possess?

Political

Denying religious rituals was called __.

Excommunication

Education took place in __ and cathedrals.

Monasteries

The pope could remove rulers through __.

Excommunication

Monasteries preserved knowledge by __ manuscripts.

Copying

The Church controlled religious life and __.

Education

An __ banned church services in a region.

Interdict

The Church owned large amounts of __.

Land

Clergy were powerful because they could __ and keep records.

Read and write

The Church unified Europe through shared __.

Beliefs

The Black Death was spread by __ on rats.

Fleas

The plague reduced the __ force.

Labor

Merchants formed __ to protect their trades.

Guilds

Peasants demanded better __ and working conditions.

Wages

Feudalism declined due to population loss and __.

Revolts

Kings hired __ armies instead of relying on knights.

Professional

Gunpowder and __ changed warfare.

Cannons

Trade increased after the __.

Crusades

Towns weakened feudalism by offering __ opportunities.

Economic

New farming tools helped increase __.

Food production

The self-sufficient economic unit was the __.

Manor

Feudalism developed because of a need for __.

Protection

Below kings were __.

Lords (Nobles)