Ch. 19 Vocab

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Viruses

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28 Terms

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HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
the infectious agent that causes AIDS. A retrovirus.
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prophage
a phage genome that has been inserted into a specific site on a bacterial chromosome
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lysogenic cycle
a type of phage replicative cycle in which the viral genome becomes incorporated into the bacterial host chromosome as a prophage, is replicated along with the chromosome, and does not kill the host
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lytic cycle
a type of phage replicative cycle resulting in the release of new phages by lysis (and death) of the host cell
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foot
the portion of a byrophyte sporophyte that gathers sugars, amino acids, water, and minerals from the parent gametophyte via transfer cells.

one of the three main parts of a mollusc; a muscular structure usually used for movement
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epidemic
a widespread outbreak of a disease in a community at a particular time 
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provirus
a viral genome that is permanently inserted into a host genome
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capsid
the protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped, polyhedral, or more complex in shape
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capsule
in many prokaryotes, a dense and well-defined layer of polysaccharide or protein that surrounds the cell wall and is sticky, protecting the cell and enabling it to adhere to substrates or other cells.

the sporangium of a byrophyte (moss, liverwort, or hornwort)
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restriction enzyme
an endonuclease (type of enzyme) that recognizes and cuts DNA molecules foreign to a bacterium (such as phage genomes). The enzyme cuts at specific nucleotide sequences (restriction sites).
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bacteriophage
a virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage
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seed
an adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a protective coat
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virulent phage
a phage that replicates only by a lytic cycle
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phage
a virus that infects bacteria; also called a bacteriophage
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reverse transcriptase
an enzyme encoded by certain viruses (retroviruses) that uses RNA as a template for DNA synthesis
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host range
the limited number of species whose cells can be infected by a particular virus
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prion
an infectious agent that is misfolded version of a normal cellular protein. They appear to increase in number by converting correctly folded versions of the protein to more prions
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retrovirus
an RNA virus that replicates by transcribing its RNA into DNA and then inserting the DNA into a cellular chromosome; an important class of cancer-causing viruses
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temperate phage
a phage that is capable of replicating by both a lytic or lysogenic cycle
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viral envelope
a membrane, derived from membranes of the host cell, that cloaks the capsid, which in turn encloses a viral genome
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AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
the symptoms and signs present during the late stages of HIV infection, defined by a specified reduction in the number of T cells and the appearance of characteristic secondary infections
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pandemic
a global epidemic
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vaccine
a harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen that stimulates a host’s immune system to mount defenses against the pathogen
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virus
an infectious particle consisting of genes packaged in a protein coat
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endemic
A disease that exists permanently in a particular region
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sporadic
Diseases that are seen only occasionally, and usually without geographic concentration
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Vertical transmission
one way plant viruses spread disease; by inheriting the virus from a parent
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Horizontal transmission
one way plant viruses spread disease; entering through damaged cell walls