Digestive system

digestive system

system that processes food and into absorbable units

ingestion

take in food

digestion

breaking down nutrients

absorption

nutrients in blood stream

elimination

removal of waste

alimentary canal

continues, coiled, hollow, muscular tube through ventral body cavity

accessory organs

teeth, salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder

hard palate

forms anterior roof of mouth

soft palate

forms posterior roof of mouth

pharynx

passageway for food, fluid, air

esophagus

gullet, passes food from pharynx to esophagus

stomach

C-shaped organ on the left side of the abdominal cavity, muscle layer in stomach churns and mixes food

cardio esophageal sphincter

muscular ring at junction of the stomach & esophagus through which food passes

fundus of stomach

expanded upper portion of stomach

body of stomach

mid portio

pyloris of stomach

bottom of stomach

pyloric sphincter of stomach

muscular ring at junction of stomach & small intestine

small intestine

muscular tube expanding from pyloric sphincter to large intestine, 7-13ft

duodenum of small intestine

first segment

jejunum of small intestine

middle segment

ilium of small intestine

bottom section

ileocecal valve

muscular valve that joins small & large intestine

microvilli

tony projection from cell plasma membranes increase surface area

villi

finger like projections of lining of small intestine

large intestine

muscular tube that functions to dry out indigestible food, 5ft, large diameter

appendix

small pouch of tissue attached at lower right end of the large intestine

colon

longest part of large intestine

ascending colon

travels up right

transverse colon

travels across

descending colon

travels down left side

sigmoid colon

in the pelvis

rectum

final part of large intestine storage or feces

anal canal

passageway for feces to be eliminated from body

pancreas

gland that produces enzyme that break down all categories of foods

pancreatic ducts

tube like structures that carry digestive enzymes to duodenum of small intestine

liver

largest gland of body produces bile

bile

yellow green solution containing salts & enzymes to emulsify fats

bile ducts

tube like structures that carries bile to duodenum of small intestine

gallbladder

small organ that concentrates biles and stores it while digestion in not occurring

GI process

1.ingestion 2.propulsion 3.food breakdown mechanical 4. food breakdown chemical 5.absorption 6.defecation

saliva

mixture of mucus &enzymes & other fluids produced by salivary glands

salivary amylase

enzyme that begins process or starch digestion

bolus

food that has been chewed and mixed with saliva

degulation

complex process involves swalling bolus

bucal phase

voluntary bolus forced to pharynx by tongue

pharyngeal esophageal phase

involuntary food moves through pharynx into esophagus

gastric juice

digestive fluid made of hydrochloric acid enzymes mucus

pepsin

protein digesting enzyme

gastric

hormone released by prescense of food causes stomach to produce more protein digesting enzymes

chyme

semi fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by stomach into small intestine

brush boarder enzymes

complete protein digestion break down sugars

gallstones

occurs when bile is stored in the gallbladder too long and too much water is removed creating crystallized bile

pancreatitis

serious condition inflammation of pancreas caused by activation of pancreatic enzymes in the pancreatic duct

heart burn

failure of cardio esophageal sphincter to close causing gastric acid juices from stomach into esophagus

peptic ulcers

open sores that develop in longing of stomach

appendicitis

inflammation of appendix due to build up of bacteria

hernia

internal organ or tissue pertruding through weak point of lining of organs

inguinal hernia

through groin area

umbilical hernia

pertrude through belly button

hola tal hernia

stomach perturbed into chest cavity through diaphragm