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What is capitalism?
Economic system that prioritizes private property and ownership with limited government involvement
What is laissez-faire system?
Free-market
Free from government involvement
Prices set by supply and demand
What is modern liberalism (Keynesian)?
Idea that governments should play an active role in their countries’ economics
U.S. operates under this model
What is social democracy?
People have a say in government actions and it works to reform capitalist economy while also helping people in need by providing healthcare, education and social welfare
Many European countries
What are social cleavages and cross-cutting cleavages?
Economic and political system maintains separate levels of oppression- how society is organized
Cleavages include racial, political, and religious divisions
Cross-cutting is when one cleavage overlaps on another
What is distributive justice?
concerns the fair and equitable distribution of resources throughout society
What is strict egalitarianism?
Everyone has the same resources, absolute equality
What are Rawls’ Two Principles of Justice?
Equal basic liberties: everyone has the same basic liberties which can never be taken away
Difference principle: Inequalities in distribution of wealth, power, and self-respect / must be attached to positions and offices open to all under equality of opportunity / only permissible if they benefit the least well-off positions of society
What is the veil of ignorance (Rawls)?
Idea that by being ignorant of our circumstances, we can more objectively consider how societies should operate
What is ALICE?
Asset limited, income constrained, employed
Represents the increasing number of individuals and families who work, but are unable to meet their basic needs, including food, child care, housing, health care and transportation
True or False: Working can be more expensive than being welfare-reliant
True: Ed and Lein (1995)
What is living wage?
Considered minimum subsistence wage
Alternative to federal poverty measure
Geographically specific data on costs of food, childcare, health insurance, housing, transportation, and other basic necessities
Describe social democracy/ welfare state
State assumes responsibility for the general welfare of its population
Guarantees Political Rights and Civil Liberties but also Social Justice
What was the National Labor Relations Act of 1935?
Guarantees collective bargaining through unions of your own choice
Empowers National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
What was the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938?
Set maximum work week (44 hours), minimum wage (.25/hr), and child labor laws (none under 16, no hazardous under 18)
What was the Taft-Hartley Act (1947)?
Amended earlier laws to restrict options of unions
Allows for firing of employees participating in certain behaviors
Empowers government to regulate
Allows states to set restrictions
What are some modern challenges for Unions?
Outsourcing of manufacturing jobs
“Right to Work” legislation: affirming the right of Americans to work for a living without being compelled to belong to a union
What were three Acts made during the New Deal for labor movements?
National Labor Relations Act of 1935
Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
Taft-Hartley Act (1947)
