Citizens Test

He was the last leader to cross the English Channel and successfully invade England, bringing with him the French language that would combine with local Germanic languages and form English.

William the Conquerer

Synonymous with the Chinese way of life, his philosophy stresses obligations over rights and puts an emphasis on honoring elder family members.

Confucius

He promoted germ theory and developed the concept of preventative inoculation, which may have been the most important breakthrough in the history of medicine.

Louis Pasteur

The Soviet leader who was chiefly responsible for ending communism there, with his policies of "perestroika" and "glasnost."

Gorbachev

Young Japanese emperor who effectively eliminated the Samurai by modernizing the country in the late 19th century.

Meiji Tenno

One of the great composers of opera of all time, his works also increased anti-semitism in Europe.

Richard Wagner

The greatest of all Roman military generals who was later emperor for less than a year before being assassinated by Roman senators.

Julius Caesar

Invented the printing press, which revolutionized the transmission of knowledge and ideas, created widespread literacy and facilitated the onset of the Renaissance.

John Guttenburg

Wrote "The prince" and said basically that the ends justify the means.

Machiavelli

The Chinese eunuch that invented paper.

Ts’ai Lun

Regarded as perhaps the greatest President ever, he kept the country from disintegrating during the Civil War and ended slavery in the process.

Abraham Lincoln

Man of peace who led India to its independence from British colonial rule - developed the concept of non-violent resistance through civil disobedience.

Ghandi

Father of the "analytical engine" - the technology behind the modern computer.

Charles Babbage

First great fighter for women's rights in England, wrote "a Vindication of the rights of women" and she was also the mother of the author of "Frankenstein"(though she died giving birth)

Mary Wollstonecraft

Dutch artist recognized for his specialty of portraits, including his famous self-portrait

Rembrandt

The first Protestant born ruler of England, the became its greatest and most adored monarch in British history, while laying the foundation for the empire.

Queen Elizabeth 1

Immeasurable brilliant, he developed the theories of relativity, the technology behind the television, and the development of the atomic bomb.

Albert Einstein

Ancient Greek military genius who never lost a battle - and then died of a fever, though his tomb is lost.

Alexander the Great

The foundation of Christianity-people were awestruck by his personality and his message was spread by his apostles instead of his own writings.

Jesus Christ

Founder of the Islamic religion and Arab empire.

Muhammad

Father of psychoanalysis, he originated the concepts of id/ego/superego and emphasized the role of subconscious as. it pertains to the Oedipus Complex.

Sigmund Frued

Diminutive French general and emperor who was a poor politician and grand strategist for the empire, but he was a magnificent battle tactician-ultimately defeated at Waterloo.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Author of "The Origin of Species," his data collection and observations connect him intimately to the theory of evolution through natural selection.

Charles Darwin

The most successful architect ever, an American with a monstrous ego caught his break when his buildings withstood The Great Tokyo Quake of 1923 and he came known for Prairie Style architecture, where the structures blend seamlessly into their surrounding natural environments.

Frank Lloyd Wright

He is considered the most talented author of the English language and his plays and sonnets are the most widely read and quoted works ever because they are so translatable to any tine and place in history.

William Shakespeare

She unknowingly set Spain backwards hundreds of years by sanctioning the Inquisition, and also financed Columbus.

Queen Isabella 1

Russia's first truly great czar, this unusually tall man forced Russia to modernize and westernize by traveling incognito through Europe.

Peter the Great

As the first emperor of China, he built the Great Wall and failed to live forever, but at least he protected himself will in the spirit world with a clay army.

Shih Huang Ti

The writer/philosopher/historian that developed the idea of communism by writing "The communist Manifesto," and "Das Capital."

Karl Marx

World War 2 American president credited with getting the country out of the Depression, partly through the New Deal, and was also the first to communicate directly with the citizens through his Fireside Chats-and served into his record 4th term.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

One of the most highly regarded inventors ever, he is credited with the light bulb and movie projector while being known for his obsession and work habits and said, "Genius is 2% inspiration and 98% perspiration."

Thomas Edison

The English philosopher whose ideas of individual freedom ironically helped form the basis for the U.S. Declaration of Independence.

John Locke

He revitalized Germany after World War 1, started World War 2, and masterminded the Holocaust while leading the Nazi Party.

Adolf Hitler

Leader of the original communist movement in China and developer of some of the most magnificently fail policies in history like the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution.

Mao Zedong

Revolutionary leader that liberated five South American countries from Spanish colonial rule, including his native Venezuela where then became the ruler.

Simon Bolivar

A key fundraiser in the creation of Israel this hard-nosed lady then became its only female prime minister, while hiding Leukemia the whole time in office and confronting the first episode of modern international terrorism.

Golda Meir

As a highly educated radical, he led the communist revolution in Russia, which created the Soviet Union-even though he spent part of his earlier life in exile in Siberia. Died only a few years after becoming the first Soviet dictator.

Lenin

Greek philosopher who was a virtual waling encyclopedia, the expert on almost every topic (even though we now dispute some of his assumptions)-and he also tutored a great warrior.

Aristotle

Author of "The Iliad," and "The Odyssey"-the longest lasting texts in history.

Homer

He was diagnosed with ALS, given two years to live in 1960, one of the smartest people in the world, had to talk through a computer, wrote a "Brief History of Time", continued Einstein's work.

Stephen Hawking

He received the 10 commandments in the Ark of the Covenant and Freed the Jews from Egypt through the Red Sea.

Moses

Writer of "The Republic", founded the academy in Athens, believed conflicting forces in a society could be brought together.

Plato

Prince in Northern India/Nepal, Not allowed to leave the palace, Becomes obsessed with the idea of suffering , Meditates for 49 days and becomes enlightened.

Buddha

Ruled the Egypt with her brother, knew how to manipulate men, becomes close with Julius Caesar, commits suicide after Augustus is elected.

Cleopatra

"Cleans" up Rome after Julius, a family man, Sets up the Pox Romana. promotes education, arts, and family.

Augustus Ceasar

Oversaw the height of the British Empire, mourned the death of her husband, the Victorian morals came from her, Lead the conquest of Ireland.

Queen Victoria 1

Born in rural Argentina, Had to support her family from a young age, the military Juan marries her, wanted to help the poor, dies due to cancer.

Eva Duarte Peron

French philosopher and mathematician, said to doubt everything, I think, therefore, I am.

Rene Descartes

Emperor of the Qin Dynasty, Builds the great wall of China, Incredibly ruthless, created a tomb with thousands of clay soldiers.

Shih Huang Ti

Leading advocate in the fight to end apartheid, leader of the ANC, was arrested for speaking on apartheid, elected president of South Africa in 1998.

Nelson Mandela

Renaissance man, paints the Mona Lisa and Last supper, Only truly made 20 paintings, inventive genius, lived in Florence Italy.

Leonardo de Vinci

Greek philosopher who delighted in pestering people by questioning their beliefs, but was sentenced to death for corrupting the minds of the youth.

Socrates

Tiny Albanian woman who was the ultimate giver, she seeked the world's most desperate populations to help and believed staunchly that nobody should die alone, so she moved to crowed Calcutta to help as many people as possible.

Mother Teresa

History's premier sculptor(King David), he was a work-a-holic that was also an architect, painter(Sistine Chapel), and poet.

Michelangelo

First person to win multiple Nobel Prizes-she discovered polonium and radium, which may have ultimately killed this Polish scientist.

Marie Curie

Courageous Italian explorer who accidentally "discovered" the Americas for Spain and went on to destroy an entire civilization in the Caribbean.

Christopher Columbus

Dutch impressionist whose paintings are the world's most valuable, though he lived out a life of misery ending in an agonizing suicide at a mental institution.

Vincent Van Gogh

Versatile Founding Father who was notable for his work in business, politics, literature, and science-while inventing bifocals and the lightning rod.

Benjamin Franklin

A pacifist the was educated in Russia, made a fortune from inventing dynamite, and because he had no family, he left his fortune to be distributed to humanitarian award winners.

Alfred Nobel

She founded Planned Parenthood and birth control, after being terrified her mother would die during one of her 18 pregnancies.

Margret Sanger

Voted "Man of the Half-Century", he led England to victory in World War 2 as their prime minister, but he was also a noble prize winning author of history with a sharp wit and far lesser reputation among the distant reaches of the British empire.

Winston Churchill

Young girl who used voices and visions she was having to become a French icon for leading her troops in defense of her king, but was eventually burned at the stake by the British when she was still a teenager.

Joan of Arc

A vicious barbarian, he was enslaved as a young boy, and then led his "Golden Hoard" toward what would become the world's largest land empire ever after conquering everything from China across Asia into Europe about 800 years ago.

Genghis Khan

As the second caliph in Islamic history, he oversaw the fastest expansion of the religion ever throughout the Middle East and Northern Africa.

Umar

The designer of Saturn rocket and the V-1 and V-2 rockets for the Nazis, and the ran much of NAZA space program that took Americans to the moon.

Werner Von Braun

Military general that led his colonial people and their rag-tag army in a revolution against mighty England and then became his new nation's first president, an office created specifically for him and his leadership talents.

George Washington

A brutal and sadistic Soviet dictator in the 1930s and 1940s, he established his country as one of the world's 2 superpowers, but did so through legendary cruelty, mostly notably through forced mass starvation in Ukraine.

Stalin

A deeply religious man, he offended the Church and lived out his life under house arrest after denouncing his scientific finding about the universe and planets(after developing his own super powerful telescope), but developed the scientific method and contributed to understanding of the world with his famous experiments.

Galileo

He opposed the hypocritical selling of indulgences in the Catholic Church in Europe, protested by posting his 95 theses, which started the Protestant Reformation.

Martin Luther

Prior to being executed by his friend(Henry VII) for not granting divorce, he wrote "Utopia," and was the ultimate example of a man of honesty and conscience.

St. Thomas Moore

He is noted as being the most intellectual of American presidents, and wrote the Declaration of Independence while later negotiation the Louisiana Purchase.

Thomas Jefferson

Leader of the Civil Right Movement in America, who promoted civil disobedience and was assassinated at a garbage collector's strike in 1968.

Martin Luther King Jr

Most popular First Lady in U.S. history, she wrote the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a representative to the United Nations and worked as a newspaper columnist while living in the White House.

Eleanor Roosevelt

20th century Spanish artist who produced over 20000 pieces of art in a variety of styles, he is known for cubism and abstract art and living the high life of an international celebrity.

Pablo Picasso

The First Nobel Prize winner, he founded the International Red Cross and the International YMCA.

Henri Dunant

Polish scientist that proposed the radical theory that the sun (not the Earth) was at the center of our solar system-though this discovery was not released until the day he died.

Nicholas Copernicus

While working with the deaf, which included both is mother and wife, he invented the telephone and parlayed that into founding AT&T.

Alexander Graham Bell

The only female leader of an Islamic country, she was assassinated in 2007, just before having the chance to win the elections and return to power again in Pakistan.

Benazir Bhutto

Considered the greatest scientist who ever lived, he invented calculus and worked with gravity, optics, and physics and is the first scientist buried at Westminster Abbey.

Isaac Newton

"Yes I am -and ma'am you are ugly. But tomorrow I will be sober."

Winston Churchill

"Workers of the world: unite!"

Karl Marx

"Ordinary men need rules; I am not ordinary"

Frank Lloyd Wright

"A single death is a tragedy; a million deaths is a statistic."

Stalin

"For a ruler, it is far better to be feared than loved."

Machiavelli

"The unexamined life is not worth living"

Socrates

"Nobody can make you feel inferior without your permission."

Eleanor Roosevelt

19th Century French Painter who went blind and kept painting. The founder of impressionism who painted water lillies

Claude Monet