Medical Terminology for Health Professions - Muscular System

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions from the Muscular System chapter of the Medical Terminology for Health Professions.

Includes holding body erect, generating heat, moving food through the digestive system, assisting with blood flow, and moving fluids.

Functions of Muscular System

a hernia

-cele

Narrow band of nonelastic, dense connective tissue attaching muscles to bones.

Tendons

Muscles attached to bones, making body movements possible; voluntary and striated.

Skeletal Muscles

Muscles located in internal organ walls

• Located in the walls of internal organs, such as digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading to glands

• Move and control flow of fluids in these structures; involuntary and non-striated.

Smooth Muscles

Stimulation of muscle by impulse transmitted by a motor nerve.

Muscle Innervation

Lowering a body part.

Depression

Circular movement around an axis.

Rotation

Circular movement at the far end of a limb.

Circumduction

Rotating arm or leg so that palm or sole is facing forward/upward.

Supination

Rotating arm or leg so that palm or sole is facing downward/backward.

Pronation

Muscle that raises or lowers eyebrows.

Frontalis

Muscle that moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth while chewing

Masseter

muscles that move the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth

temporalis

assists with laughing and coughing

transverse abdominis

Muscle that assists in breathing.

Rectus Abdominis

Group of muscles that flex and extend the leg at the knee.

Quadriceps Femoris

Group of muscles that flex the knee and extend the hip.

Hamstring Group

Calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot down.

Gastrocnemius

A specialist who coordinates exercise programs.

Exercise Physiologist

A medical doctor who specializes in nervous system disorders.

Neurologist

Helps patients perform daily activities.

Occupational Therapist

A physician specializing in physical medicine and rehabilitation.

Physiatrist

Provides treatment to restore function.

Physical Therapist

Specializes in sports-related injuries.

Sports Medicine Physician

Chronic condition characterized by fatigue and muscle pain.

Fibromyalgia

Inflammation of tendon sheath.

Tenosynovitis

Inflammation of tendons from overuse.

Tendinitis

Profound fatigue that isn't improved by rest.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Band of fibrous tissue holding structures abnormally together.

Adhesion

Weakness/wearing away of body tissues.

Atrophy

Tenderness or pain in muscles.

Myalgia

-cele

all of the above

Herniation of muscle through tear in the fascia

Myocele

Degeneration of muscle tissue.

Myolysis

Rupture of muscle.

Myorrhexis

Inflammation and weakness of voluntary muscles.

Polymyositis

pus

pyo- an py

fungus

myc/o

plaque or fatty substance

ather/o

renal pelvis

pyel/o

Causes death of muscle fibers.

Rhabdomyolysis

Loss of muscle mass and strength.

Sarcopenia

Lacking normal muscle tone.

Atonic

Impairment of voluntary muscle movement.

Dystonia

Diminished tone of skeletal muscles.

Hypotonia

Lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement.

Ataxia

Permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, or tendons.

Contracture

Pain in leg muscles during exercise relieved by rest.

Intermittent Claudication

Sudden, involuntary contraction of muscle.

Spasm

Involuntary jerking of muscles.

Myoclonus

Myoclonus of diaphragm, commonly known as hiccups.

Singultus

Painful localized spasm.

Cramp

Stiff neck due to muscle contraction.

Torticollis

Inflammation of tendons in the shoulder joint.

Impingement Syndrome

Swelling causing pressure on the median nerve in the wrist.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Harmless fluid-filled swelling on a joint.

Ganglion Cyst

Inflammation of tissues surrounding the elbow.

Epicondylitis

Calcium deposits in the plantar fascia.

Heel Spur

Inflammation of the plantar fascia causing heel pain.

Plantar Fasciitis

Injury to a joint due to ligament tearing.

Sprain

Injury to a muscle or tendon due to overuse.

Strain

Injury when a muscle tears away from the tibia.

Shin Splint

Weakness or slight muscular paralysis.

Myoparesis

Weakness affecting one side of the body.

Hemiparesis

Total paralysis of one side of the body.

Hemiplegia

Paralysis of both legs and lower body.

Paraplegia

Evaluates joint mobility and muscle strength.

Range of Motion Testing

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation - treatment for injuries.

R-I-C-E

Surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone.

Tenodesis