Lecture on Fungi and Animals: Structure, Reproduction, and Classification

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the lecture on fungi and animals.

Hyphae

Multicellular fungi consist of a network of tiny filaments called hyphae, with tubular cell walls strengthened by chitin.

Mycelium

An interwoven mass formed by hyphae that maximizes surface area for nutrient absorption.

Septa

Cross-walls that divide most fungi's hyphae into cells, allowing passage of ribosomes and mitochondria.

Coenocytic Fungi

Fungi that lack septa, consisting of a continuous cytoplasmic mass with many nuclei.

Plasmogamy

The union of cytoplasms from two parent mycelia during sexual reproduction.

Karyogamy

The fusion of nuclei, producing diploid cells, which is the only diploid stage for most fungi.

Mycorrhizae

Mutualistic fungi that form specialized hyphae called haustoria to exchange nutrients with plant hosts.

Chytridiomycota

A phylum of fungi unique for having flagellated spores called zoospores.

Ascomycota

Phylum known for producing sexual spores in saclike asci contained in fruiting bodies called ascocarps.

Radial Symmetry

A body plan where no left or right side exists, dividing the animal into mirror images through any central slice.

Bilateral Symmetry

Body plan with two-sided symmetry, allowing for dorsal, ventral, anterior, and posterior sides.

Diploblastic

Animals with only two germ layers: ectoderm and endoderm.

Pseudocoelomates

Animals that have a body cavity lined by tissue derived from both mesoderm and endoderm.

Protostome Development

A developmental pattern where the blastopore becomes the mouth.

Echinodermata

A phylum including marine animals like sea stars and sea urchins, characterized by radial symmetry as adults.

Cnidocytes

Specialized cells in cnidarians that contain nematocysts, which are stinging organelles used for capturing prey.

Mycosis

A general term for fungal infections in animals.

Acoelomates

Animals that lack a body cavity between the digestive cavity and outer body wall.

Lichens

A symbiotic association between a photosynthetic microorganism and a fungus.