Biomechanics Lab: Intro to Movement

Define these joints:

Synarthrodial

Amphiarthodial

Diarthodial (Synovial)

Immovable joint

Slightly movable joint

Freely movable joint

Subcategories of amphiarthodial joints

Syndesmosis

• Distal tibiofibular joint

Symphysis

• Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

Synchondrosis

• Costochondral joints

Structure of a synovial joint.

What does this allow?

Composed of a sleeve-like joint capsule filled with synovial fluid.

These absorb shock and protect the bone

The 6 types of diarthrodial (synovial) joints

Plane/Gliding/Ellipsoid

Hinge (Elbow)

Pivot (Neck)

Condyloid (Wrist)

Ball-and-Socket (Shoulder)

Saddle (Carpals)

Degree of freedom

The motion possible by a joint in 1-3 planes

Shoulder (scapulothoracic) movements (6)

Depression

Elevation

Protraction (abduction)

Retraction (adduction)

Upward rotation

Downward rotation

Shoulder (glenohumeral) movements

Horizontal abduction

Horizontal adduction

Scaption

Axis of rotation for Saggital Plane

Frontal (coronal, lateral) axis

Axis of rotation for Frontal Plane

Saggital axis

Axis of rotation for Transverse Plane

Vertical (longitudinal) axis

What is the relationship between axis of rotation and plane of motion?

The joint moves about an axis that has a 90 degree relationship to that plane

Think of it like you’re moving about that pole