Chapter 3:- genetics
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25 Terms
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Heredity
Transmission of genetically based characteristics from parents to offspring
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Variations
Any difference between individuals of the same species
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Character
Any inheritance feature of an organism
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Trait
Alternate forms of a character
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XX
Female
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XY
Male
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Allele
Different forms of a gene
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R
Dominant
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r
Recessive
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Square
Male
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Circle
Female
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RR
Both dominant
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Rr
One dominant
One recessive
One recessive
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rr
Both recessive
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Genotype
Set of genes present in the cells of an organism
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Phenotype
An organisms physical appearance or visible traits
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Homozygous
Organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
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Heterozygous
An organism that has two different alliance for a trait
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Sex linked inheritance
Inheritance of a genetic trait located on the sex chromosome
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Phenotypic ratio
3 :1
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Genotypic ratio
1:2:1
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Law of dominance
Only one character expresses itself while others are surpressed
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Mutation
A sudden change in 1 or more genes or in the structure of chromosome
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Monohybrid cross
Cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits
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Dihybrid cross
Across between individuals that have different allele for the same gene