BIO Practical 1 Review

Flashcards for Anatomy and Physiology Lab Midterm Practical Review

Metric and Imperial Systems

Countries which used the metric or the Imperial system for measurements in 2019 along with Myanmar and Liberia.

Metric System

A system of measurement based on powers of 10, using prefixes to denote different magnitudes.

Exa

10^18

Peta

10^15

Tera

10^12

Giga

10^9

Mega

10^6

Kilo

10^3

Hecto

10^2

Deka

10^1

Deci

10^-1

Centi

10^-2

Milli

10^-3

Micro

10^-6

Nano

10^-9

Pico

10^-12

Femto

10^-15

Atto

10^-18

Metric Conversion - Larger to Smaller

To convert from larger units to smaller units, move decimal to the right.

Metric Conversion - Smaller to Larger

To convert from smaller to larger units, move decimal to the left.

Independent Variable

The variable that is manipulated or changed in an experiment.

Dependent Variable

The variable that is measured and affected by changes in the independent variable.

Control Group

A group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment.

Experimental Group

A group in an experiment that receives the treatment.

Graph

A visual representation of data, with labeled axes and a title.

Constructing a Graph

Should include plotting points accurately, labeling both axes with SI units, and providing a concise explanatory title.

Anatomical Regions (Anterior)

Frontal, Orbital, Otic, Nasal, Buccal, Oral, Mental, Cervical

Anatomical Regions (Torso and Arm)

Thoracic, Brachial, Acromial, Axillary

Body Cavities

Pericardial Cavity and Pleural Cavity

Anatomical Structures (Torso)

Includes Larynx, Trachea, Superior Vena Cava, Thyroid Gland, Aorta, Diaphragm, Left Lung, The Heart, The Liver, The Stomach

Anatomical Structures (Abdomen)

Includes Diaphragm, The Liver, The Stomach, Jejunum, Ascending Colon, Cecum, Transverse Colon, Descending Colon, Ileum, Cross-Section of Penis Showing Urethra

Abdominal Regions

Right Hypochondriac, Epigastric, Left Hypochondriac, Right Lumbar, Umbilical, Left Lumbar, Right Iliac, Hypogastric, Left Iliac

Abdominal Quadrants

Right Upper Quadrant, Left Upper Quadrant, Right Lower Quadrant, Left Lower Quadrant

Cell Structure

Organelles include Peroxisome, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosome, Chromatin in Nucleoplasm, Mitochondrion, Vesicle, Centriole, Centrosome, Nuclear Nucleolus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane, Nuclear Pore, Nuclear Envelope, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Microscope Parts

Includes Eyepiece with Ocular Lens, Revolving Nosepiece, Arm, Condenser Knob, Fine Adjustment Knob, Base, Tension, Objective Lens, Stage Clips, Stage, Substage Light, Course Adjustment Knob

Interphase

The stage of the cell cycle when the cell grows and prepares for division, containing plasma membrane, intact nuclear envelope, and cytoplasm.

Prophase

The first stage of mitosis, during which the nuclear envelope breaks down and the chromosomes condense, containing plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and duads floating.

Metaphase

The stage of mitosis when the duads align along the equatorial plane, containing plasma membrane, cytoplasm, centriole, and spindle fibers.

Anaphase

The stage of mitosis when the chromatids separate and move to opposite poles, containing plasma membrane, cytoplasm, centriole, and spindle fibers.

Telophase

The final stage of mitosis, during which two new nuclei form, containing Cytoplasm, Plasma Membrane, and Cleavage Furrow

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A single layer of flattened cells.

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A single layer of cube-shaped cells.

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A single layer of column-shaped cells.

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Multiple layers of cells, with the apical layer being flattened.

Blood Connective Tissue

Connective tissue containing erythrocytes, thrombocytes, leukocytes, and plasma.

Bone (Osseous) Connective Tissue

LAMELLA (RINGS), CANALICULI, HAVERSIAN CANAL, OSTEOCYTES IN LACUNAE

Hyaline Cartilage

Connective tissue containing chondrocytes in lacunae.

Areolar Connective Tissue

Connective tissue containing fibroblast, macrophage, and mast cell.

White Fibrous Connective Tissue

Connective tissue containing fibroblast and collagenous fibers.

Adipose Connective Tissue

Tissue containing adipocytes (fat cells).

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Muscle tissue with striations and multiple nuclei.

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Muscle tissue with intercalated disks, slight striations, and branching fibers.

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Muscle tissue with spindle-shaped fibers and a single nucleus.

Skin Structure

Includes HAIR SHAFT, STRATUM CORNEUM, MEISSNER'S CORPUSCLE, SEBACEOUS GLAND, ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE, SWEAT GLAND (SUDORIFEROUS), STRATUM BASALE, CAPILLARY LOOPS IN DERMAL PAPILLAE, ADIPOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE, and PACINIAN CORPUSCLE

Epidermis

The outermost layer of the skin.

Dermis

The middle layer of the skin.

Hypodermis

The innermost layer of the skin.