BASIC ELECTRONICS QUIZ 1

overview of basic electronics and electrical symbols

the fundamental unit of a chemical element, the smallest part of an element that retains its chemical properties

atom

central core of an atom

nucleus

potential difference between two charged points per unit charge in an electric field, also known as Potential Difference or Pressure

voltage

the flow of electricity in an electronic circuit

current

force that counteracts the flow of current

resistance

water analogy

pressure represents voltage

water represents electrons

faucet represents resistance

and the flow of water represents current

“Current is directly proportional to voltage, and inversely proportional to resistance.”

Georg Simon Ohm

current is directly proportional to

voltage

current is inversely proportional to

resistance

a visual representation used to explain how something works, how it's connected, or how it's structured

diagram

shows how an electrical or electronic circuit works using standardized symbols

schematic diagram

type of diagram

schematic diagram

uses images or realistic drawings of components rather than symbols

pictorial diagram

type of diagram

pictorial diagram

a simplified, high-level view of a system showing major components (blocks) and their relationships

block diagram

type of diagram

block diagram

shows the physical connections and layout of an electrical circuit or system

wiring diagram

type of diagram

wiring diagram

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wires

represents a conductor that conducts electrical current, also called a power line or electrical line

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connected wires

represents the connection of two conductors, dot shows the junction point

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unconnected wires

represents two unconnected wires/conductors

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push button (normally open)

this switch is ON state when the button is pressed otherwise it is in OFF state

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push button (normally closed)

this switch is initially in ON state, goes to OFF state when it is released

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SPST switch

Single Pole Single Throw

acts as ON/OFF switch used to control a single electrical circuit, poles define the number of circuits it can be connected to and throws the number of positions that a pole connects

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SPDT switch

Single Pole Double Throw

this switch allows the current to flow in any one of the two directions by adjusting its position and can connect a single circuit to two different outputs.

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DPST switch

Double Pole Single Throw

this switch can drive two circuits at a time

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DPDT switch

Double Pole Double Throw

this switch can connect two separate inputs to two different outputs, allowing current to flow in multiple directions

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relay switch

can control the AC Loads using the DCvoltage input to activate a magnetic coil, which opens or closes contacts in the circuit

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AC supply

an alternating current supply, which periodically reverses direction

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DC supply

a direct current supply, which flows in a single direction

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constant current source

an independent current source which delivers constant current

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controlled current source

a dependent current source

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controlled voltage source

a dependent voltage source

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single cell battery

provides supply to the circuit

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multi cell battery

provides a higher voltage supply by combining multiple single cell batteries in a series or parallel configuration

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ground

equivalent to theoretical 0V and is used zero potential reference, it is the potential of perfectly conducting earth

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signal ground

a reference point from which the signal is measured

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chassis ground

acts as a barrier between user and the circuit and prevents electric shock

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fixed resistor

a device that opposes the flow of current in a circuit

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rheostat

a two terminal variable resistor which are generally used to control the current in the circuit

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preset

a mini variable resistor, also called Trimmer Resistor or Trim Pot used for adjusting circuit parameters or sensitivity of the circuit, like temperature or light

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thermistor

a temperature sensitive resistor used in temperature sensing, current limiting circuits, over-current protection circuits etc.

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varistor

a Voltage Dependent Resistor generally used in circuit protection from voltage surges and excessive transient voltages

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magneto resistor

also called as Magnetic Dependent Resistor (MDR) used in electronic compass, ferrous material detection, position sensors, etc.

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LDR

also called as Photo Resistors generally used in light sensing applications

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Non-Polarized Capacitor

big in size with small capacitance, they can be used in both AC and DC circuits

(capacitor stores the charge in the form of electrical energy)

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Polarized Capacitor

small in size but have high capacitance used in DC circuits

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electrolytic capacitor

a type of polarized capacitor that uses an electrolyte to achieve a larger capacitance value in a small size, they are used in DC circuits

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feed-through capacitor

they provide low impedance path to ground for high frequency signals

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variable capacitor

its capacitance can be adjusted by turning the knob, widely used to adjust the frequency that is for tuning

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iron core inductor

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ferrite core inductors

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center tapped inductors

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variable inductors

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pn junction diode

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zener diode

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photodiode

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led

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varactor diode

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shockley diode

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schottky diode

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tunnel diode

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thyristor

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constant current diode

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laser diode

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NPN

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PNP

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N-Channel JFET

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P-Channel JFET

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enhancement MOSFET

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depletion MOSFET

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phototransistor

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photo darlington

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darlington transistor

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basic amplifier

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operational amplifier

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transformer

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iron core

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center tapped

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step up transformer

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step down transformer

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buzzer

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loud speaker

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light bulb

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motor

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fuse